Formation of a centrally peaked profile of the ion temperature by impurity seeding has been observed in all the largest tokamaks: JET, JT-60U, TFTR. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is proposed, which takes into account the suppression of ion temperature gradient instability induced anomalous transport through increasing ion effective charge Zeff and Doppler shift of unstable modes, S⊥. The particular importance of the S⊥ component proportional to the temperature gradient, which stems from the pressure gradient and neoclassical poloidal rotation, is elucidated. It is demonstrated that this contribution grows significantly by impurity seeding when the rotation regime changes due to increased collisionality. An interrelation between the heating power density and Zeff necessary for the transition to a peaked ion temperature is found. The modification of radial profiles by impurity seeding is modelled numerically and the results are in agreement with the experimental data from JET.
Importance of collisions with the main plasma components for impurity anomalous transport