The n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) stability is numerically investigated for two DIII-D high-βN discharges 176440 and 172461, utilizing the MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas7 3681) and MARS-K (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas15 112503) codes. Systematic validation efforts are attempted, for the first time, for discharges with very slow or vanishing toroidal flow for a large fraction of the plasma volume. While gaining physics insights in accessing stable operation regime at βN exceeding the Troyon no-wall limit in these slow-rotation experiments, the predictive capability of fluid and non-perturbative magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid models for the RWM is further confirmed. The MARS-F fluid model, with a strong but numerically tunable viscosity mimicking ion Landau damping of parallel sound waves, finds complete stabilization of the n = 1 RWM in the considered DIII-D plasmas under the experimental flow conditions. Similarly, either full stabilization (for discharge 176440) or marginal stability (for discharge 172461) of the mode is computed by the MARS-K hybrid model, which is first-principle based without free model parameters. In particular, all drift kinetic resonances, including those of thermal and energetic particles, are found to synergistically act to marginally stabilize the RWM in discharge 172461. These MARS-F/K modeling results explain the experimentally observed stable operational regime in DIII-D, as far as the RWM stability is concerned. Extensive numerical sensitivity studies, with respect to the plasma toroidal flow speed as well as the radial location of the resistive wall, are also carried out to further support the validation study.
This paper investigates the stability of the n=1 resistive wall mode (RWM) in high-βN plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak. The study uses fluid and kinetic models to predict RWM stability, finding that flow and kinetic effects can stabilize the mode, explaining the stable operational regime observed in experiments.