The characteristics of geodesic–acoustic-mode (GAM) are investigated through direct and simultaneous measurement of electrostatic and density fluctuations with a heavy ion beam probe.The amplitude of the GAM changes in relation to the radial position; it is small near the separatrix, reaches a local maximum at 3 cm inside the separatrix and then decreases again to 5 cm inside the separatrix. The frequency is constant in the range, though the predicted GAM frequency varies according to the temperature gradient. The correlation length is about 6 cm and comparable to the structure of the amplitude of the GAM. The results indicate the GAM has a radial structure which reflects the local condition at about 3 m inside the separatrix.The phase relation between the GAM oscillation indicates that the GAM is a radial propagating wave.The interaction between the GAM and the ambient density fluctuation is shown by the high coherence between the GAM oscillation and the temporal behaviour of the ambient density fluctuation. Moreover, the phase relation between the electric field fluctuation of the GAM () and the amplitude of the density fluctuation indicates that the modulation of the ambient density fluctuation delays the . The causality between the GAM and the modulation of the density fluctuation is revealed.
Structure and scaling properties of the geodesic acoustic mode