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The orbital dynamics and collisional transport of trace massive impurity ions in rotating tokamaks

K G McClements, R J McKay2009年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Massive impurity ions in rotating tokamak plasmas have mean toroidal velocities that can greatly exceed the thermal speed of those ions. The effects of this hypersonic rotation on particle orbits and collisional transport are explored in the trace limit by considering the role of centrifugal and Coriolis forces in a co-rotating frame. Impurity ions of sufficiently high mass are deeply trapped by a centrifugal potential well in the outer plasma midplane, with a bounce period that is shorter than both the bounce period of magnetically trapped ions and the collision time. The collisional diffusivity in this regime is shown to be higher than that of a non-rotating plasma. Irrespective of the collisionality regime, it is demonstrated that the interaction of massive impurity ions with bulk ions leads to an outward advection that is proportional to the impurity ion mass and can exceed the pinch velocity associated with the loop voltage. Due to modifications to the effective magnetic field arising from the Coriolis force, the increase in transport is greatest for relatively low charge states of massive impurity ions in plasmas rotating in the same direction as the plasma current. These effects are quantified analytically and using test-particle simulations of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) transport in transonically rotating spherical tokamak plasmas. It is shown that the collisional confinement time of W ions in such plasmas can be two orders of magnitude shorter than the confinement time in the absence of rotation.

日本語訳

回転トカマクプラズマ中の重い不純物イオンは、その熱速度をはるかに超える平均トロイダル速度を持つことがある。この超音速回転が粒子軌道および衝突輸送に及ぼす影響を、共回転座標系における遠心力とコリオリ力の役割を考慮しつつ、トレース極限において探求する。十分に高い質量を持つ不純物イオンは、プラズマ外側赤道面の遠心力ポテンシャル井戸に深く捕捉され、そのバウンス周期は磁気捕捉イオンのバウンス周期と衝突時間の両方よりも短くなる。この領域における衝突拡散係数は、非回転プラズマの場合よりも高いことが示される。衝突性の程度によらず、重い不純物イオンとバルクイオンとの相互作用が、不純物イオンの質量に比例する外向き対流を引き起こし、その速度はループ電圧に関連するピンチ速度を超え得ることが実証される。コリオリ力による実効磁場の変調の結果、輸送の増大は、プラズマ電流と同方向に回転するプラズマ中の比較的低電荷状態の重い不純物イオンにおいて最も顕著となる。これらの効果は、超音速回転する球状トカマクプラズマ中のタングステン(W)およびモリブデン(Mo)輸送の解析的評価とテスト粒子シミュレーションによって定量化される。そのようなプラズマにおけるWイオンの衝突閉じ込め時間は、回転がない場合の閉じ込め時間よりも2桁短くなり得ることが示される。

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