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Study of high DC voltage breakdown between stainless steel electrodes separated by long vacuum gaps

N. Pilan, S.M. Deambrosis, A. De Lorenzi, M. Fincato, C. Fontana, R. Gobbo, L. Lotto, E. Martines, O. Mc Cormack, R. Pasqualotto2020年被引用 12Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

High voltage (HV) insulation across a single gap in vacuum and low-pressure gas is a critical issue in relation to the development and realization of the electrostatic accelerator for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) (Toigo et al 2017 New J. Phys.19 085004). The present paper describes and analyzes the recent experimental results obtained at the High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF), the laboratory aimed at supporting the development of the prototype for the ITER NBI (De Lorenzi et al 2011 Fusion Eng. Des.86 742–5). A voltage up to 800kVDC was achieved in the HVPTF during the experimental campaigns with a sphere-plane configurations having variable gap length (from 30 to 150 mm) and pressure ranging from high vacuum (10–7 mbar) to 10–3 mbar in argon. Such an experimental campaign represents one of the few examples where voltages higher than 500–550 kV DC are sustained by a single vacuum gap between electrodes (Rohrbach 1971 CERN Report 71-5) and therefore constitutes additional experience to improve the knowledge of voltage holding across large vacuum gaps. The results in high vacuum indicate that at the beginning of voltage conditioning the breakdown events occur at the same cathodic electric field irrespective of the electrode geometry. However, after sufficient conditioning time, the breakdown voltage distribution seems to depend also on the electric field at the anode and on the total voltage between electrodes. A benchmark between a numerical tool previously developed to predict the voltage holding in high vacuum (voltage holding prediction model, VHPM (Pilan et al 2011 Fusion Eng. Des.86 742–5)) and the experimental results is also reported and discussed.

日本語訳

高電圧(HV)絶縁の真空および低圧ガス中の単一ギャップにおける特性は、ITER中性粒子ビーム入射装置(NBI)用静電加速器の開発と実現に関わる重要な課題である(Toigoら 2017 New J. Phys. 19 085004)。本論文では、ITER NBI用プロトタイプの開発を支援することを目的とした実験施設であるHigh Voltage Padova Test Facility(HVPTF)で得られた最近の実験結果について記述し、分析する(De Lorenziら 2011 Fusion Eng. Des. 86 742–5)。HVPTFでは、実験キャンペーンにおいて、ギャップ長を30 mmから150 mmまで可変とした球-平面電極配置を用い、アルゴンガス中で高真空(10⁻⁷ mbar)から10⁻³ mbarまでの圧力範囲において、最大800 kV DCの電圧を達成した。このような実験キャンペーンは、単一の真空ギャップで500~550 kV DCを超える電圧を維持した数少ない例の一つであり(Rohrbach 1971 CERN Report 71-5)、したがって大きな真空ギャップにおける耐電圧特性の理解を深めるための追加的な経験を提供するものである。高真空条件下での結果は、コンディショニング初期においては、絶縁破壊事象が電極形状に関係なく同一の陰極電界で発生することを示している。しかしながら、十分なコンディショニング時間の後には、絶縁破壊電圧の分布は陽極における電界および電極間の全電圧にも依存するように思われる。さらに、高真空下での耐電圧特性を予測するために以前開発された数値ツール(voltage holding prediction model, VHPM)(Pilanら 2011 Fusion Eng. Des. 86 742–5)と実験結果とのベンチマーク比較についても報告し、考察する。

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