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Global gyrokinetic simulations of TEM microturbulence

T Vernay, S Brunner, L Villard, B F McMillan, S Jolliet, A Bottino, T Görler, F Jenko2013年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Global gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic temperature-gradient-driven trapped-electron-mode (TEM) turbulence using the δf particle-in-cell code ORB5 are presented. The electron response is either fully kinetic or hybrid, i.e. considering kinetic trapped and adiabatic passing electrons. A linear benchmark in the TEM regime against the Eulerian-based code GENE is presented. Two different methods for controlling the numerical noise, based, respectively, on a Krook operator and a so-called coarse-graining approach, are discussed and successfully compared. Both linear and non-linear studies are carried out for addressing the issue of finite-ρ*-effects and finite electron collisionality on TEM turbulence. Electron collisions are found to damp TEMs through the detrapping process, while finite-ρ*-effects turn out to be important in the non-linear regime but very small in the linear regime. Finally, the effects of zonal flows on TEM turbulence are briefly considered as well and shown to be unimportant in the temperature-gradient-driven TEM regime. Consistently, basically no difference is found between linear and non-linear critical electron temperature gradients in the TEM regime.

日本語訳

ジャイロ運動論的シミュレーションによる、δf粒子セルコードORB5を用いた静電的温度勾配駆動捕捉電子モード(TEM)乱流の解析結果を提示する。電子応答は完全運動論的、またはハイブリッド的、すなわち捕捉電子を運動論的に、通過電子を断熱的に扱う。TEM領域におけるオイラー型コードGENEとの線形ベンチマークを示す。ノイズ抑制のための2つの手法、すなわちKrook演算子に基づく手法と、いわゆる粗視化アプローチに基づく手法を議論し、両者が良好に一致することを示す。有限ρ*効果と有限電子衝突頻度がTEM乱流に及ぼす影響を調べるため、線形および非線形の研究を実施する。電子衝突は脱捕捉過程を通じてTEMを減衰させることが見出された。一方、有限ρ*効果は非線形領域では重要であるが、線形領域では非常に小さいことが判明した。最後に、ゼータルフローがTEM乱流に及ぼす影響も簡潔に考察し、温度勾配駆動TEM領域では重要でないことを示す。これと整合的に、TEM領域における線形および非線形の臨界電子温度勾配の間には基本的に差異は見られない。

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