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Exploring vacuum birefringence based on a 100 PW laser and an x-ray free electron laser beam

Baifei Shen, Zhigang Bu, Jiancai Xu, Tongjun Xu, Liangliang Ji, Ruxin Li, Zhizhan Xu2018年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Exploring vacuum birefringence with the station of extreme light at Shanghai Coherent Light Facility is considered. Laser pulses of intensity beyond 1023 W cm−2 are capable of polarizing the vacuum due to the ultra-strong electro-magnetic fields. The subtle difference of the vacuum refractive indexes along electric and magnetic fields leads to a birefringence effect for lights propagating through. The vacuum birefringence effect can now be captured by colliding a hard x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam with a high-power laser. The initial XFEL beam of pure linear polarization is predicated to gain a very small ellipticity after passing through the laser stimulated vacuum. Various interaction geometries are considered, showing that the estimated ellipticity lies between 1.8 × 10−10 and 10−9 for a 100 PW laser interacting with a 12.9 keV XFEL beam, approaching the threshold for todays' polarity detection technique. The detailed experimental set-up is designed, including the polarimeter, the focusing compound refractive lens and the optical path. When taking into account the efficiencies of the x-ray instruments, it is found that about 10 polarization-flipped x-ray photons can be detected for a single shot for our design. Considering the background noise level, accumulating runs are necessary to obtain high confident measurement.

日本語訳

上海コヒーレント光施設における極限光を用いた真空複屈折の探求を考察する。1023 W cm−2を超えるレーザーパルスは、超強電磁場により真空を分極させることが可能である。電場と磁場に沿った真空の屈折率の微妙な差異は、伝播する光に対する複屈折効果をもたらす。この真空複屈折効果は、高強度レーザーと硬X線自由電子レーザー(XFEL)ビームの衝突によって検出可能となった。純粋な直線偏光を有する初期XFELビームは、レーザー励起真空を通過した後、小さな楕円偏光成分を獲得すると予測される。様々な衝突幾何学を検討した結果、100 PWレーザーと12.9 keVのXFELビームを用いた場合、楕円率パラメータは1.8 × 10−10から10−9の範囲にあると推定され、これは現在の偏光測定技術の検出限界に迫る値である。詳細な実験構成を設計した。これには偏光計、集光用複合屈折レンズ、光学経路が含まれる。X線光学素子の効率を考慮すると、単一ショットあたり約10個の偏光反転光子が検出可能であると見積もられる。背景雑音レベルを考慮すると、高い信頼性の測定結果を得るためには、多数のショットの蓄積が必要である。

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