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The thermochemistry of lithium silicates in view of their use as breeder materials

H.R. Ihle, R.-D. Penzhorn, P. Schuster1989年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

Employing Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry the partial pressures of Li, O2, Li2O, LiO and Li3O over solid and/or liquid Li4SiO4 were measured as a function of temperature. From the data it is deduced that the main vaporization process for solid and liquid Li4SiO4 can be described by the equations: Li4SiO4(cr) = 2 Li(g) + 0.5 O2(g) + Li2SiO3 (cr) (1), ΔH2980 = (960.70 ± 2.38) kJ mol and Li4SiO4(1) = 2 Li(g) + 0.5 O2(g) + Li2SiO3(1) (2), ΔH2980 = (946.34 ± 0.73) kJ/mol. The enthalpy changes for the reactions Li4SiO4(cr) = Li2O(g) + Li2SiO3(cr) (3) and Li2O(g) = 2 Li(g) + 0.5 O2(g) (5) were also determined and found to be thermodynamically consistent with that of reaction (1). The same is observed for the corresponding equilibria over the liquid.Assuming thermodynamic equilibrium and excluding effects from structural materials and/or reducing gas streams which lower the oxygen activity, tritium will be released from lithium orthosilicate predominantly as T2O in the temperature range of operation of a reactor blanket. An examination of the ceramic compounds of the systems, Li2O/Al2O3, Li2O/ZrO2 and Li2O/SiO2 reveals that among the ceramics of each particular system the reaction enthalpy, ΔH2980 of formation from the constituent oxides per mol Li2O varies in the reversed order of the lithium density, which is related to the tritium breeding capability. Of the three systems discussed, the lithium silicates show the highest thermal stability among the ceramics of comparable lithium density.

日本語訳

クヌーセンセル質量分析法を用いて、固体および/または液体のLi4SiO4上のLi、O2、Li2O、LiOおよびLi3Oの分圧を温度の関数として測定した。データから、固体および液体のLi4SiO4の主な蒸発過程は次の式で表されることが推論される:Li4SiO4(cr) = 2 Li(g) + 0.5 O2(g) + Li2SiO3(cr) (1)、ΔH2980 = (960.70 ± 2.38) kJ mol⁻¹、およびLi4SiO4(1) = 2 Li(g) + 0.5 O2(g) + Li2SiO3(1) (2)、ΔH2980 = (946.34 ± 0.73) kJ mol⁻¹。反応Li4SiO4(cr) = Li2O(g) + Li2SiO3(cr) (3)およびLi2O(g) = 2 Li(g) + 0.5 O2(g) (5)のエンタルピー変化も決定され、反応(1)のそれと熱力学的に一致することが見出された。液体上の対応する平衡についても同様のことが観察される。熱力学的平衡を仮定し、酸素活量を低下させる構造材料および/または還元性ガスの影響を除外すると、トリチウムは炉ブランケットの運転温度範囲において、主にT2Oとしてオルトケイ酸リチウムから放出される。Li2O/Al2O3、Li2O/ZrO2およびLi2O/SiO2系のセラミック化合物の検討により、各特定系のセラミックの中で、構成酸化物からの生成反応エンタルピーΔH2980(Li2O 1モル当たり)は、トリチウム増殖能力に関連するリチウム密度の逆順で変化することが明らかになる。議論された3つの系のうち、リチウムシリケートは、同等のリチウム密度を持つセラミックの中で最も高い熱安定性を示す。

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