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Correlation between potential well structure and neutron production in inertial electrostatic confinement fusion

M. Ohnishi, K.H. Sato, Y. Yamamoto, K. Yoshikawa1997年被引用 52Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The electrostatic potential well in inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) is studied using two approaches. First, the equilibrium potential profile is obtained by solving the charge neutrality condition, i.e. ni=ne, assuming the appropriate distribution functions for the ions and the electrons. The formation of a double well structure is demonstrated, with a depth depending upon the ratio between the focus radii of the electrons and the ions. The correlations between the well depth and the volume integrated neutron production due to deuterium-deuterium (DD) reactions are obtained. Second, in order to study the stability of the well, the dynamic behaviours of the potential well are calculated by performing time advancing numerical simulations on the basis of the particle in cell method. Single, double and triple wells, depending on the amount of injected ion current, are observed to be formed for ions with a monoenergetic distribution. The well in the centre of the multiwell structure is unstable and oscillates with a period much longer than the inverse ion plasma frequency. A double well structure can be formed even for ions with a spread out energy distribution when the ion current is larger than the threshold value. The time averaged neutron production by DD fusion events is proportional to a power of the ion current involved in forming the double well structure. The results strongly suggest that the high neutron production rate should be attributed to not only the well depth but also the unstable behaviour of the potential, i.e. the intermittent peaking of the density in the centre region. A numerical simulation reveals that IEC possesses a favourable dependence of fusion reactions on the injected ion current for the application to a neutron source or a fusion reactor

日本語訳

慣性静電閉じ込め(IEC)における静電ポテンシャル井戸を、2つのアプローチを用いて研究する。第一に、平衡ポテンシャル分布は、イオンと電子に適切な分布関数を仮定し、電荷中性条件、すなわちni=neを解くことによって得られる。二重井戸構造の形成が実証され、その深さは電子とイオンの焦点半径の比に依存する。井戸の深さと、重水素-重水素(DD)反応による体積積分中性子生成量との相関関係が得られる。第二に、井戸の安定性を研究するため、粒子セル法に基づく時間発展数値シミュレーションにより、ポテンシャル井戸の動的挙動を計算する。単一エネルギー分布を持つイオンの場合、注入イオン電流の大きさに応じて、単一、二重、三重の井戸が形成されることが観察される。多重井戸構造の中心の井戸は不安定であり、イオンプラズマ周波数の逆数よりもはるかに長い周期で振動する。エネルギー分布が広がったイオンの場合でも、イオン電流が閾値より大きければ二重井戸構造が形成され得る。DD核融合事象による時間平均中性子生成量は、二重井戸構造の形成に関与するイオン電流のべき乗に比例する。これらの結果は、高い中性子生成率が井戸の深さだけでなく、ポテンシャルの不安定挙動、すなわち中心領域における密度の間欠的なピークにも起因することを強く示唆している。数値シミュレーションは、中性子源または核融合炉への応用に向けて、IECが注入イオン電流に対する核融合反応の好ましい依存性を持つことを明らかにしている。

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