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Validity limits of the passive treatment of impurities in gyrokinetic tokamak simulations

M. Lesur, C. Djerroud, K. Lim, E. Gravier, M. Idouakass, J. Moritz, J. Médina, T. Réveillé, T. Drouot, T. Cartier-Michaud2020年被引用 7Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

In gyrokinetic simulations of turbulent impurity transport, trace impurity species are often treated as passive species, in the sense that they are not included in Maxwell equations. This is consistent with the assumption that impurities with low enough concentrations are impacted by turbulence generated by electrons and main ions, but do not impact it significantly in return. In this work, we relax this assumption, and investigate the active impacts of impurity on impurity transport as a function of its concentration, in the presence of trapped-particle-driven turbulence. We focus on W40+ tungsten, which is relevant for modern tokamaks, and adopt a reduced gyrokinetic bounce-averaged model for trapped particles in a simplified tokamak geometry. The impacts depend on the relationship between equilibrium density gradient and temperature gradient. When these gradients are equal, we observe that tungsten can be treated as a passive species for concentrations below . Above this concentration, the impurity significantly impacts both density and heat transport, essentially quenching them for concentrations above 10−3. This quenching occurs as electric potential fluctuations become in phase with impurity density fluctuations.

日本語訳

ジャイロ運動論的シミュレーションにおける乱流不純物輸送では、微量不純物はしばしば受動種として扱われる。すなわち、それらはマクスウェル方程式には含まれない。これは、濃度が十分に低い不純物は、電子と主イオンによって生成される乱流の影響を受けるが、その乱流に有意な影響を及ぼすことはないという仮定と整合的である。本研究では、この仮定を緩和し、捕捉粒子駆動乱流の存在下において、不純物濃度の関数として不純物が輸送に及ぼす能動的影響を調査する。我々は、現代のトカマクに関連するタングステンW40+に焦点を当て、簡略化されたトカマク幾何学形状における捕捉粒子のための簡約ジャイロ運動論的バウンス平均モデルを採用する。その影響は、平衡密度勾配と温度勾配の関係に依存する。これらの勾配が等しい場合、濃度が10^-3未満ではタングステンは受動種として扱えることが観察される。この濃度を超えると、不純物は密度輸送と熱輸送の両方に有意な影響を及ぼし、実質的にそれらの輸送を抑制する。この抑制は、電位ゆらぎが不純物密度ゆらぎと同位相になることで発生する。

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