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Assessment of microwave power flow for reflectometry measurements in tokamak plasmas

P-A Gourdain, W A Peebles2008年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Microwave diagnostics, such as reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission, are widely employed in tokamak fusion plasmas, and are also particularly well suited to the burning plasma environment expected in the upcoming ITER device. In existing fusion plasmas, reflectometry has been used to measure electron density profile, density fluctuations, turbulent flow and internal magnetic field strength. The measurement of electron density profile via reflectometry is a particularly high priority in ITER, and so an assessment of electromagnetic wave propagation is important in estimating measurement capability. In ITER, the ratio of plasma size to the required microwave signal wavelength is significantly larger than in current fusion experiments ensuring a more realistic analysis of reflectometry via ray-tracing techniques. The analytical and numerical studies presented in this paper highlight the fact that the group velocity (or power flow) is strongly dependent on the direction of wave propagation relative to the magnetic field. It is shown that this dependence strongly modifies power flow near the cut-off layer in a manner that embeds the local magnetic field direction in the 'footprint' of the returned power at the launch antenna. It will be shown that this can potentially be utilized to determine the magnetic field pitch angle at the cut-off location. The resultant beam drift and distortion due to the magnetic field also have consequences on the design of reflectometry systems for large, high-field fusion experiments such as ITER.

日本語訳

マイクロ波診断、例えば反射測定法や電子サイクロトロン放射は、トカマクプラズマにおいて広く用いられており、また、今後のITERで予想される燃焼プラズマ環境にも特に適している。既存の融合プラズマにおいて、反射測定法は電子密度分布、密度揺動、乱流流れ、内部磁場強度の測定に使用されてきた。ITERにおいては、反射測定法による電子密度分布の測定が特に優先度が高く、したがって電磁波伝播の評価は測定能力を推定する上で重要である。ITERでは、プラズマサイズと必要なマイクロ波信号波長の比が現在の核融合実験よりも有意に大きいため、反射測定法のより現実的な解析が光線追跡法によって可能となる。本論文で提示された解析的および数値的研究は、群速度(すなわち電力流)が磁場に対する波の伝播方向に強く依存することを明らかにしている。この依存性が遮断層近傍の電力流を強く変調し、その結果、発射アンテナにおける反射電力の「フットプリント」に局所的な磁場方向が埋め込まれることが示される。さらに、この特性を利用して遮断層位置における磁場ピッチ角を決定できる可能性があることも示される。磁場によるビームのドリフトと歪みは、ITERのような大型・高磁場核融合実験装置における反射測定システムの設計にも影響を及ぼす。

装置

iter中精度(概要文一致)

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Reflectometry
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