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Radioactivity aspects of fusion reactors

E.T. Cheng1989年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractActivation characteristics, including radioactivity, decay heating rate, and integrated decay energy at times after shutdown of a D—T fusion power reactor were investigated for all potential reactor materials using a recently published comprehensive activation cross-section library and decay data handbook. It was found that among the potential structural elements, the shutdown activity could vary by four orders of magnitude, with C, O, and Si producing the least radioactivity and Mo giving the highest activity within a few days after shutdown, a period of importance to the reactor operation. Vanadium, Ti and Fe are among the lower activation elements with the activity levels higher than Si by about one (for V) to two (for Ti and Fe) orders of magnitude. As far as alloying elements are concerned, Cr and Si are best for minimizing the activity level; Mn, Ni, Ta and W are among the elements giving higher radioactivity and decay heat values. These higher activity elements are furthermore subject to the neutron spectral effect resulting in an increase of activation levels in a soft spectrum with higher neutron population at lower energies. The important elements, that need to be limited in fusion reactor materials in order to meet the 10CFR61 Class C shallow-land burial disposal goal, are Al, Si, Ni, Zr and Ta as alloying elements, and Nb, Mo, Ag, Gd, Tb, and Ho as impurities. The concentration limits of some of these elements such as Nb will also become more restrictive in a soft neutron spectrum, that is typical for the present fusion experimental facilities under investigation.

日本語訳

D—T核融合動力炉の停止後における放射能、崩壊熱率、および積算崩壊エネルギーを含む活性化特性を、最近発表された包括的な活性化断面積ライブラリと崩壊データハンドブックを用いて、すべての潜在的炉材料について調査した。潜在的構造元素のうち、停止後数日以内という炉の運転にとって重要な期間における停止後活性は4桁も変動し得ることが見いだされた。C、O、Siは最も少ない放射能を生成し、Moは最も高い活性を示す。バナジウム、Ti、Feは低活性化元素の部類に属し、その活性レベルはSiよりも約1桁(Vの場合)から2桁(TiおよびFeの場合)高い。合金元素に関しては、CrとSiが活性レベルを最小化するのに最適であり、Mn、Ni、Ta、Wはより高い放射能と崩壊熱値を与える元素の部類に含まれる。これらの高活性元素はさらに中性子スペクトル効果の影響を受け、低エネルギー側でより多くの中性子個数を有する軟スペクトルにおいて活性化レベルが増大する。10CFR61 Class Cの浅地中埋設処分目標を満たすために核融合炉材料において制限が必要な重要な元素は、合金元素としてはAl、Si、Ni、Zr、Taであり、不純物としてはNb、Mo、Ag、Gd、Tb、Hoである。これらの元素の一部(Nbなど)の濃度制限は、現在検討中の核融合実験施設に典型的な軟中性子スペクトルにおいて、より厳しくなるであろう。

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