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A polarization modulation technique for far-infrared polarimetry in large plasmas

L Giudicotti, S L Prunty, C Nyhan, E Bedin, E Zilli, L De Pasqual2004年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

In future ITER tokamak experiments the poloidal magnetic field and the plasma electron density profiles will be simultaneously measured using a far-infrared polarimeter. This paper presents the bench testing of a new polarimetric technique in which these quantities can be obtained by phase measurements only. Its application will result in a simpler instrument, more robust and less affected by fringe jumps and vibration problems than the conventional interferometer–polarimeter systems in use today. In this experiment a polarization modulation of the input beam is generated by recombining two coherent linearly polarized components, produced by a CO2 pumped FIR laser (λ = 118.8 µm), one of which is frequency shifted by a rotating grating. The beam is then sent through a half-wave plate rotated mechanically at 125 Hz and a fixed quarter-wave plate. When such a beam traverses the plasma, a time dependent phase shift is observed whose Fourier components in phase and in quadrature with the rotating wave-plate are related to the Faraday rotation angle and to the Cotton–Mouton effect, respectively. For this experiment the effect of the plasma has been simulated by a combination of a half-wave and a quarter-wave plates. Simple but effective phase measuring electronics have been developed to recover the two polarimetric parameters from the phase of the detected signal. The experiment has shown that variations in the azimuth and ellipticity angles of the polarization ellipse of less than 1° can be measured with a time resolution of the order of 10 ms.

日本語訳

将来のITERトカマク実験において、ポロイダル磁場とプラズマ電子密度のプロファイルは、遠赤外偏光計を用いて同時に測定される予定である。本論文では、これらの量が位相測定のみで得られる新しい偏光測定技術のベンチテストについて述べる。この技術の応用により、従来の干渉計–偏光計システムと比較して、より単純で堅牢であり、フリンジジャンプや振動の影響を受けにくい装置が実現する。本実験では、入力ビームの偏光変調は、CO2励起遠赤外レーザー(λ = 118.8 µm)によって生成された2つのコヒーレントな直線偏光成分を再結合することによって生成され、その一方は回転グレーティングによって周波数シフトされる。その後、ビームは125 Hzで機械的に回転する1/2波長板と固定された1/4波長板を通過する。このようなビームがプラズマを透過するとき、時間依存の位相シフトが観測され、回転波長板と同相および直交位相のフーリエ成分は、それぞれファラデー回転角とコットン–ムートン効果に関連付けられる。本実験では、プラズマの効果は1/2波長板と1/4波長板の組み合わせによってシミュレートされた。検出された信号の位相から2つの偏光パラメータを回復するための、簡素かつ効果的な電子回路が開発された。実験により、1°未満の偏光楕円の方位角および楕円率の変化が、約10 msの時間分解能で測定可能であることが実証された。

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