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Nuclear bremsstrahlung and its radiation effects in fusion reactors

Nie Luo, Magdi Ragheb, George H Miley2009年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Nucleons, i.e. protons or neutrons, are emitted in many fusion processes of light nuclei. The fusion-generated nucleons can in turn fuse with or be captured by an un-reacted nuclear fuel, for example deuterium. The fusion reaction occurs at an average center of mass (COM) energy of 10 keV (thousand electron volts) or more in a typical fusion reactor. At such a relative low COM energy, the proton and deuteron are in a state where the relative angular momentum approaches zero, or an s-wave state. The single gamma radiation process is thus suppressed due to the conservation of parity. Instead, the gamma ray (typically of the order of a few MeV or more) released is likely to be accompanied by soft x-ray photons from a nuclear bremsstrahlung process, which generates continuous x-ray radiation peaked around a few hundred eV to a few keV. The average photon energy and spectrum properties of such a process is calculated with a semiclassical approach. This phenomenon may cause additional parasitic issues to a fusion reactor, while also opening up the possibility of new plasma diagnostics.

日本語訳

核子、すなわち陽子または中性子は、多くの軽核融合過程において放出される。融合によって生成された核子は、未反応の核燃料、例えば重水素と再び融合したり、捕獲されたりすることがある。融合反応は、典型的な融合炉において、重心系(COM)エネルギーが10 keV(千電子ボルト)以上で発生する。このような比較的低い重心系エネルギーでは、陽子と重陽子は、相対角運動量がゼロに近づく状態、すなわちs波状態にある。したがって、パリティ保存則により、単一ガンマ線放出過程は抑制される。その代わりに、放出されるガンマ線(典型的には数MeV程度以上)には、核的制動放射過程からの軟X線光子が伴う可能性が高い。この過程は、数百eVから数keV付近にピークを持つ連続X線放射を生成する。このような過程の平均光子エネルギーとスペクトル特性は、半古典的アプローチを用いて計算される。この現象は、融合炉に追加の寄生問題を引き起こす可能性がある一方で、新しいプラズマ診断法の可能性も開くものである。

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