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Dust phenomena in processing plasmas

Yukio Watanabe1997年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Dust phenomena in processing plasmas are reviewed from the new viewpoint of birth of material in the plasma. The gas-phase growth of particles has been extensively studied for Si4 RF plasmas. The Si particles usually grow through three distinctive stages: an initial growth phase up to about 10 nm, whose size is between size ranges dominated by plasma properties and their electron affinity; a rapid growth phase and a growth saturation phase. In the first phase, particles are localized around the plasma/sheath boundary in spite of a large fraction of neutral particles. In the second phase, extremely fast coagulations between particles appear, which can be explained by the generation of positively charged particles due to high-energy electrons. In the third phase, most of the particles are charged negatively and hence repel each other. Experiments on the formation of Coulomb solids in carbon RF plasmas and production of K-C60 plasmas are attractive since they indicate great potential for dusty plasmas. In the former experiments, almost perfectly spherical and monodisperse particles are successfully formed and transitions from liquid to solid phases and between body-centred cubic and hexagonal structures are clearly observed. In the latter experiments, plasmas composed of K+ and C60- ions are almost realized. Film properties change by controlling the energies of charged particles impinging on substrates and, under the specified plasma conditions, C60 with the K atom in its cage is successfully formed.

日本語訳

処理プラズマにおけるダスト現象を、プラズマ中での物質生成という新しい視点から概説する。Si4プラズマにおける気相成長粒子については広く研究がなされてきた。Si粒子は通常、3つの特徴的な段階を経て成長する:約10nmまでの初期成長段階(このサイズ領域はプラズマ特性とその電子親和力によって支配される)、急速成長段階、そして成長飽和段階である。第一段階では、中性粒子が大部分を占めるにもかかわらず、粒子はプラズマ・シース境界付近に局在化する。第二段階では、高エネルギー電子による正に帯電した粒子の生成によって説明できる、粒子間の極めて速い凝集が生じる。第三段階では、ほとんどの粒子が負に帯電し、その結果互いに反発し合う。炭素RFプラズマにおけるクーロン結晶の形成実験とK-C60プラズマの生成実験は、ダストプラズマの大きな可能性を示すものであり、魅力的である。前者の実験では、ほぼ完全な球状で単分散の粒子が首尾よく形成され、液体から固体への相転移、および体心立方構造と六方構造の間の転移が明確に観察される。後者の実験では、K+イオンとC60-イオンからなるプラズマがほぼ実現されている。基板に衝突する荷電粒子のエネルギーを制御することで膜特性が変化し、所定のプラズマ条件下では、K原子をケージ内に内包したC60が首尾よく形成される。

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