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Interpretation of electron cyclotron heating results in overdense plasma in Doublet III

S. Ejima, R. Prater1987年被引用 6Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The electron cyclotron heating (ECH) experiment on the Doublet III tokamak with inside oblique launch of the extraordinary mode has shown good heating even at very high densities, up to the operational density limit. According to ray tracing calculations for the high density discharges, the ECH waves are reflected at the periphery of the plasma around r/a ∼ 0.9, and bulk plasma heating is not expected theoretically. But effective good heating has been observed in the increases of both the central electron temperature measured by Thomson scattering and the total energy measured magnetically. Furthermore, in the high density discharges, an extremely high density layer (marfe) exists in front of the antenna before the application of RF, and this layer persists for several milliseconds into the RF pulse. Since the marfe reflects the wave and does not allow its penetration to the bulk plasma, heating is not expected within the framework of standard wave propagation theory. A wave focusing phenomenon is introduced to explain the wave tunnelling through the marfe, using a localized collisional heating combined with the constraint of constant pressure along the magnetic flux line. After the marfe has been removed, after several milliseconds from the RF onset, the power deposition for the bulk plasma appears to be at large radius, according to the soft X-ray diode array diagnostics. But whether the deposition is at about r/a ∼ 2/3 or at the very edge of the plasma has not been confirmed. Theoretically, the accessibility of the overdense plasma for the wave can be improved by introducing a modest level of low frequency density fluctuations into the ray tracing calculations. The damping rate is not, however, large in the inner portion of the plasma. The heating is predicted to take place at large radius, r/a > 0.8, either by heating at the gyroresonance layer after multiple wave reflections on the vessel wall or by a parametric decay instability which excites an ion acoustic mode. Thus, contrary to our intuitive expectation that the deposition might take place in the plasma interior, we are led to conclude that the observed good heating is, indeed, due to the edge heating. The gross energy confinement time τE evaluated at r/a = 2/3 is a factor of about 2.3 larger than the global value τE(a), because of the lack of ECH power deposition within that radius. Since more than 85% of total plasma kinetic energy is contained within r/a = 2/3, this edge heating appears to be very effective in raising the bulk plasma energy.

日本語訳

ダブレットIIIトカマクにおける内側斜め入射による異常波を用いた電子サイクロトロン加熱(ECH)実験は、運転密度限界までの非常に高い密度でも良好な加熱を示した。高密度放電に対する光線追跡計算によれば、ECH波はr/a ≈ 0.9のプラズマ周辺部で反射され、理論的にはバルクプラズマの加熱は期待されない。しかし、トムソン散乱で測定された中心電子温度と磁気測定による全エネルギーの両方の増加において、効果的な良好な加熱が観測された。さらに、高密度放電では、RF印加前にアンテナの前方に極高密度層(マーフェ)が存在し、この層はRFパルス中数ミリ秒持続する。マーフェは波を反射し、バルクプラズマへの透過を許さないため、標準的な波動伝播理論の枠組みでは加熱は期待されない。マーフェを通る波動トンネリングを説明するために、磁力線に沿った一定圧力の制約と組み合わせた局所的な衝突加熱を用いた波動収束現象が導入される。マーフェが除去された後、RF開始から数ミリ秒後には、バルクプラズマへのパワー堆積は大半径にあるように見える。軟X線ダイオードアレイ診断によれば、堆積位置がr/a ≈ 2/3であるか、プラズマの最端部であるかは確認されていない。理論的には、過密プラズマへの波の到達可能性は、光線追跡計算に適度なレベルの低密度揺動を導入することで改善され得る。しかし、減衰率はプラズマ内部領域では大きくない。加熱は、容器壁上での多重波反射後のジャイロ共鳴層での加熱、またはイオン音波モードを励起するパラメトリック崩壊不安定性により、大半径(r/a > 0.8)で起こると予測される。したがって、堆積がプラズマ内部で起こるという直感的な予想に反して、観測された良好な加熱は確かにエッジ加熱によるものであると結論づけられる。r/a = 2/3で評価された総エネルギー閉じ込め時間τEは、その半径内でのECHパワー堆積の欠如のため、全体値τE(a)の約2.3倍である。全プラズマ運動エネルギーの85%以上がr/a = 2/3以内に含まれるため、このエッジ加熱はバルクプラズマエネルギーを上昇させるのに非常に効果的であるように見える。

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Electron cyclotron heatingOverdense plasmaDoublet III
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