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Kalman filter methods for real-time frequency and mode number estimation of MHD activity in tokamak plasmas

D Alves, R Coelho, the JET EFDA contributors2013年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in magnetically confined fusion experiments is often associated with detrimental effects such as increased radial transport and consequent loss of confinement. In particular, the (2,1) neoclassical tearing mode (NTM), when proceeding to mode-locking, is a potentially disruptive instability hence with the potential to compromise the mechanical integrity of the machine. It is therefore quite significant to be able to characterize in real-time the most virulent and performance limiting instabilities such that adequate mitigation or complete stabilization using feedback control methods are employed during the plasma discharge. This work proposes a Kalman filter (KF) based mechanism for providing, in real-time, the amplitude and phase evolution of instabilities within a predefined set of mode numbers. The method relies on two KF implementations: a non-linear KF isolating the non-stationary dominant signal component of a sensor measurement and subsequently a linear KF which projects the former, for a collection of sensors, onto a predefined set of mode numbers. A basic overview of algorithms commonly used for real-time mode number analysis is also presented along with applications of the proposed algorithm to recently recorded data of the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak.

日本語訳

磁気閉じ込め核融合実験における磁気流体力学(MHD)活動は、しばしば動径輸送の増大やそれに伴う閉じ込めの喪失といった有害な影響と関連付けられる。特に、(2,1)新古典テアリングモード(NTM)は、モードロッキングに進行すると、潜在的に破壊的な不安定性となり得るため、装置の機械的完全性を損なう可能性がある。したがって、最も激しく性能を制限する不安定性をリアルタイムで特性評価し、プラズマ放電中に適切な緩和または完全な安定化をフィードバック制御手法を用いて実施できるようにすることが極めて重要である。本研究では、カルマンフィルタ(KF)に基づく機構を提案し、事前に定義されたモード数の集合内における不安定性の振幅と位相の時間発展をリアルタイムで提供する。本手法は、2つのKF実装に依存する。すなわち、センサ測定値の非定常な支配的信号成分を分離する非線形KFと、その後、センサの集合に対して前者を事前に定義されたモード数の集合に射影する線形KFである。また、リアルタイムのモード数解析に一般的に使用されるアルゴリズムの基本的な概要とともに、提案アルゴリズムをJETトカマクの最近の記録データに適用した結果も示す。

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