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Observation of impurity accumulation and its compatibility with high plasma performance in W7-X

D Zhang, B Buttenschön, S Jablonski, M Kubkowska, O Ford, J A Alcusón, C D Beidler, R Burhenn, M N A Beurskens, A Langenberg2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

At the W7-X stellarator, the bolometer system has measured an intensive radiation zone in the inner plasma region (at a normalized radius ρ ∼ 0.3–0.4) in the hydrogen plasma generated by electron cyclotron resonance heating; it differs from the normal plasma radiation distribution with an edge-localized emission zone. Spectroscopic diagnostics have recorded high-Z elements such as iron. This phenomenon happens in the plasma phases after gas supply turn-off, which results in all impurity relevant diagnostic signals increasing for several seconds. Despite the enhancement of the core radiation, the plasma energy confinement is improved. A transport analysis shows that this impurity radiation behavior is associated with a low diffusion coefficient (D∼ 0.02 m2 s−1) and a reversal of the convection around the radial position of the emission peak, which, under normal conditions, separates the zones of outward convection in the central (|V| ∼ 0.1 m s−1) and inward convection in the outer region (|V| ∼ 0.3 m s−1). An impurity accumulation around this radial position has been identified. The transport coefficients obtained are comparable with the theoretical predictions of collisional impurity transport. In the plasma phases studied, both impurity and energy confinement are enhanced. The mechanism responsible for the improvement is believed to be a reduction of micro-instabilities associated with the observed steepening of the density profile, initiated by a low edge plasma density (<1.0 × 1019 m−3) after switching off the gas fueling. The normalized temperature and density gradients fulfil the condition for the suppression of ITG turbulence.

日本語訳

W7-Xステラレータにおいて、ボロメータシステムは、電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱によって生成された水素プラズマの内部領域(規格化半径ρ ∼ 0.3–0.4)で、強い放射帯を測定した。これは、端部に局在する放射帯を伴う通常のプラズマ放射分布とは異なる。分光学診断により、鉄などの高Z元素が記録された。この現象は、ガス供給停止後のプラズマ相において発生し、その結果、すべての不純物関連診断信号が数秒間にわたって増加した。コア放射の増強にもかかわらず、プラズマのエネルギー閉じ込めは改善された。輸送解析により、この不純物放射挙動は、低い拡散係数(D∼ 0.02 m² s⁻¹)と、放射ピークの半径位置付近での対流の反転と関連していることが示された。通常の条件下では、この位置は、中心領域(|V| ∼ 0.1 m s⁻¹)の外向き対流と外側領域(|V| ∼ 0.3 m s⁻¹)の内向き対流を分離する。この半径位置付近での不純物蓄積が特定された。得られた輸送係数は、衝突性不純物輸送の理論予測と比較可能である。研究対象のプラズマ相においては、不純物閉じ込めとエネルギー閉じ込めの両方が改善された。この改善のメカニズムは、ガス供給停止後の低い端部プラズマ密度(<1.0 × 10¹⁹ m⁻³)によって開始された密度分布の急峻化に伴う、微視的不安定性の低減によるものと考えられる。規格化温度勾配と密度勾配は、ITG乱流の抑制条件を満たしている。

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