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Observation of neoclassical impurity transport in Ohmically heated plasmas of CDX-U low aspect ratio tokamak

V A Soukhanovskii, M Finkenthal, H W Moos, D Stutman, T Munsat, B Jones, D Hoffman, R Kaita, R Majeski2002年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

High β, good confinement and stability properties of the low aspect ratio tokamaks, or spherical tori (ST), have been predicted theoretically and preliminarily confirmed in several large experiments recently. This paper reports on impurity transport experiments carried out in ohmically heated plasmas of the small spherical torus CDX-U with the aspect ratio of A≃1.5. Vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray multichannel spectroscopic diagnostics are used to measure intrinsic carbon, oxygen and radiated power radial brightness profiles in plasmas with Te(0)≃60–80 eV and ne(0)≃2×1013 cm−3. The measurements are performed in both magnetohydrodynamically dominated and quiescent phase of the plasmas. The properties of the observed low m/n modes, sawtooth oscillations, and ST-specific reconnection events are discussed in the context of particle transport. The measured impurity profiles are modelled using one-dimensional impurity transport code MIST and a collisional-radiative package CRMLIN. Impurity diffusion of 0.2 m2 s−1⩽D⩽0.6 m2 s−1 and convection velocity of v≃4–6 m s−1 are inferred from the modelling. These transport coefficients are very close to the neoclassical theory predictions obtained with the FORCEBAL code, which uses analytical plasma viscosity expressions valid for an arbitrary aspect ratio geometry. Neoclassical analysis indicates that both carbon and oxygen are in the collisional regime, and the Pfirsch–Schluter flux is the major fraction of the impurity flux. The causes of the observed strong non-diffusive transport are discussed, and it is concluded that the ∇ni/ni term, resulting from highly peaked ion density profile, makes the largest contribution to the inward pinch. Present analysis suggests that drift wave turbulence is reduced in CDX-U ohmically heated discharges within at least r/a⩽0.4, however more refined measurements are needed to interpret the results in the framework of ST ion transport.

日本語訳

高ベータ、良好な閉じ込めと安定性の特性は、低アスペクト比トカマク、すなわち球状トーラス(ST)において、理論的に予測され、最近のいくつかの大規模実験で予備的に確認されている。本論文は、アスペクト比A≃1.5の小型球状トーラスCDX-Uのオーム加熱プラズマにおいて実施された不純物輸送実験について報告する。真空紫外および軟X線マルチチャンネル分光診断を用いて、Te(0)≃60–80 eV、ne(0)≃2×10^13 cm^-3のプラズマにおける内部炭素、酸素、および放射パワーの動径輝度分布を測定する。測定は、プラズマの磁気流体力学(MHD)が支配的な位相と静穏位相の両方で実施される。観測された低m/nモード、鋸歯状振動、およびST特有のリコネクション事象は、粒子輸送の観点から議論される。測定された不純物分布は、一次元不純物輸送コードMISTと衝突放射パッケージCRMLINを用いてモデル化される。モデル化から、不純物拡散係数Dは0.2 m^2 s^-1 ≤ D ≤ 0.6 m^2 s^-1、対流速度vはv ≃ 4–6 m s^-1と推定される。これらの輸送係数は、任意のアスペクト比幾何学に対して有効な解析的プラズマ粘性式を用いるFORCEBALコードで得られた新古典理論予測に非常に近い。新古典解析は、炭素と酸素の両方が衝突領域にあることを示し、Pfirsch–Schluterフラックスが不純物フラックスの主要部分を占める。観測された強い非拡散輸送の原因が議論され、高度にピークしたイオン密度分布に起因する∇ni/ni項が内向きピンチに最も大きく寄与すると結論される。現在の解析は、CDX-Uのオーム加熱放電において、少なくともr/a ≤ 0.4の範囲でドリフト波乱流が低減されていることを示唆するが、STイオン輸送の枠組みで結果を解釈するには、より精密な測定が必要である。

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ImpurityOhmic heatingImpurity transport
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