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Current drive for stability of thermonuclear plasma reactor

L Amicucci, A Cardinali, C Castaldo, R. Cesario, A Galli, L Panaccione, F Paoletti, G Schettini, R Spigler, A Tuccillo2016年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

To produce in a thermonuclear fusion reactor based on the tokamak concept a sufficiently high fusion gain together stability necessary for operations represent a major challenge, which depends on the capability of driving non-inductive current in the hydrogen plasma. This request should be satisfied by radio-frequency (RF) power suitable for producing the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) effect, recently demonstrated successfully occurring also at reactor-graded high plasma densities. An LHCD-based tool should be in principle capable of tailoring the plasma current density in the outer radial half of plasma column, where other methods are much less effective, in order to ensure operations in the presence of unpredictably changes of the plasma pressure profiles. In the presence of too high electron temperatures even at the periphery of the plasma column, as envisaged in DEMO reactor, the penetration of the coupled RF power into the plasma core was believed for long time problematic and, only recently, numerical modelling results based on standard plasma wave theory, have shown that this problem should be solved by using suitable parameter of the antenna power spectrum.We show here further information on the new understanding of the RF power deposition profile dependence on antenna parameters, which supports the conclusion that current can be actively driven over a broad layer of the outer radial half of plasma column, thus enabling current profile control necessary for the stability of a reactor.

日本語訳

トカマク概念に基づく熱核融合炉において、運転に必要な安定性とともに十分に高い融合利得を実現することは主要な課題であり、これは水素プラズマ中で非誘導電流を駆動する能力に依存する。この要求は、最近では炉心級の高密度プラズマでも成功裏に実証されている低域混成波電流駆動(LHCD)効果を生み出すのに適した高周波(RF)電力によって満たされるべきである。LHCDに基づく手法は、他の手法がはるかに効果的でないプラズマ柱の外側半径半分において、プラズマ電流密度を調整することが原理的に可能であるべきであり、それによりプラズマ圧力分布の予測不能な変化が生じた場合でも運転を確保できる。DEMO炉で想定されているように、プラズマ柱の周辺部でも電子温度が高すぎる場合、プラズマコアへのRF電力の結合は長い間問題があると考えられていたが、ごく最近になって、標準的なプラズマ波動理論に基づく数値シミュレーションにより、アンテナのパワースペクトルの適切なパラメータを用いることでこの問題が解決できることが示された。本稿では、RF電力の堆積分布がアンテナパラメータに依存するという新たな理解についてさらに詳述し、これによりプラズマ柱の外側半径半分の広い層で電流を能動的に駆動でき、炉の安定性に必要な電流分布制御が可能になるという結論を支持する。

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