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Investigation on laser–plasma coupling in intense, ultrashort irradiation of a nanostructured silicon target

G Cristoforetti, A Anzalone, F Baffigi, G Bussolino, G DArrigo, L Fulgentini, A Giulietti, P Koester, L Labate, S Tudisco2014年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

One of the most interesting research fields in laser–matter interaction studies is the investigation of effects and mechanisms produced by nano- or micro-structured targets, mainly devoted to the enhancing of laser–target or laser–plasma coupling. In intense and ultra-intense laser interaction regimes, the observed enhancement of x-ray plasma emission and/or hot electron conversion efficiency is explained by a variety of mechanisms depending on the dimensions and shape of the structures irradiated. In the present work, the attention is mainly focused on the lowering of the plasma formation threshold which is induced by the larger absorptivity.Flat and nanostructured silicon targets were here irradiated with an ultrashort laser pulse, in the range 1 × 1017–2 × 1018 W µm2 cm−2. The effects of structures on laser–plasma coupling were investigated at different laser pulse polarizations, by utilizing x-ray yield and 3/2ω harmonics emission. While the measured enhancement of x-ray emission is negligible at intensities larger than 1018 W µm2 cm−2, due to the destruction of the structures by the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) pre-pulse, a dramatic enhancement, strongly dependent on pulse polarization, was observed at intensities lower than ∼3.5 × 1017 W µm2 cm−2. Relying on the three-halves harmonic emission and on the non-isotropic character of the x-ray yield, induced by the two-plasmon decay instability, the results are explained by the significant lowering of the plasma threshold produced by the nanostructures. In this view, the strong x-ray enhancement obtained by s-polarized pulses is produced by the interaction of the laser pulse with the preplasma, resulting from the interaction of the ASE pedestal with the nanostructures.

日本語訳

レーザーと物質の相互作用に関する最も興味深い研究分野の一つは、ナノ構造またはマイクロ構造を有するターゲットによって生じる効果とメカニズムの調査であり、主にレーザーとターゲットまたはレーザーとプラズマの結合の増強に焦点を当てている。高強度および超高強度レーザー相互作用において観測されるX線プラズマ放射および/または高速電子変換効率の増強は、照射される構造の寸法と形状に依存する多様なメカニズムによって説明される。本研究では、主に、より大きな吸収率によって誘起されるプラズマ生成閾値の低下に注目している。平坦なシリコンターゲットとナノ構造化シリコンターゲットを、1×10^17〜2×10^18 W µm⁻² cm⁻²の範囲の超短パルスレーザーで照射した。レーザーとプラズマの結合に対する構造の影響を、異なるレーザーパルス偏光条件下で、X線収量と3/2高調波放射を用いて調査した。増強されたX線放射の測定結果は、10^18 W µm⁻² cm⁻²を超える強度では無視できる程度であったが、これは増幅自然放出(ASE)プレパルスによる構造の破壊に起因する。一方、約3.5×10^17 W µm⁻² cm⁻²以下の強度では、パルス偏光に強く依存する顕著な増強が観測された。これらの結果は、3/2高調波放射とX線収量の非等方性に基づき、二プラズモン崩壊不安定性によって説明され、ナノ構造によってプラズマ生成閾値が大幅に低下することを示している。この観点から、s偏光パルスによって得られる強いX線増強は、ASEプレパルスとナノ構造の相互作用に起因するプレプラズマとレーザーパルスの相互作用によって生じると考えられる。

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