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Blister-dominated retention mechanism in tungsten exposed to high-fluence deuterium plasma

Mi Liu, Wangguo Guo, Long Cheng, Jun Wang, Shiwei Wang, Hao Yin, Ting Wang, Yuhua Huang, Yue Yuan, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger2020年被引用 21Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

To investigate the effect of blistering on hydrogen isotope (HI) retention, a series of deuterium plasma exposures were performed using recrystallized tungsten samples at 500 K with high fluences up to 1.0 × 1028 ions m−2 in the linear plasma device STEP. An increase of blister density and deuterium retention was observed with increasing plasma fluence. Based on the simulation of the thermal desorption spectra using TMAP, defects with different detrapping energies are found to be located at a depth of tens of microns, which coincides with the depth of the grain boundaries (GBs) close to the surface. The defect characterizations using transmission electron microscopy and positron annihilation Doppler broadening identified the defects as dislocation type and vacancy type, which were created by blistering. It is suggested that these defects can diffuse deep into the material, and the interaction between the diffusion of the defects and GBs causes a peculiar deuterium desorption spectrum over plasma fluences. Additionally, these blister-induced defects are the main source of deuterium retention. Regarding the effect of the blister-induced defects on deuterium retention, a blister-dominated retention mechanism is proposed to describe HI retention in conditions when blistering is severe as in this study. This investigation provides a new insight into the effect of blistering on retention and the modelling of retention in a tokamak edge plasma environment.

日本語訳

ブリスター形成が水素同位体(HI)保持に及ぼす影響を調査するため、線形プラズマ装置STEPにおいて、再結晶タングステン試料を用いて、500 Kで1.0 × 10^28 ions m−2までの高フルエンスの一連の重水素プラズマ曝露を実施した。プラズマフルエンスの増加に伴い、ブリスター密度と重水素保持の増加が観察された。TMAPを用いた熱脱離スペクトルのシミュレーションに基づき、異なる脱トラップエネルギーを持つ欠陥が、表面近傍の粒界(GBs)の深さと一致する数十ミクロンの深さに位置することが見出された。透過型電子顕微鏡および陽電子消滅ドップラー広がりを用いた欠陥特性評価により、これらの欠陥はブリスター形成によって生成された転位型および空孔型であると同定された。これらの欠陥は材料内部深くまで拡散し得ること、そして欠陥の拡散と粒界との相互作用が、プラズマフルエンスにわたって特異な重水素脱離スペクトルを引き起こすことが示唆される。さらに、これらのブリスター誘起欠陥が重水素保持の主な源である。ブリスター誘起欠陥が重水素保持に及ぼす影響に関して、本研究のようにブリスター形成が顕著な条件下でのHI保持を説明するために、ブリスター支配型保持機構が提案される。本研究は、保持に対するブリスター形成の影響と、トカマク周辺プラズマ環境における保持のモデリングに新たな知見を提供する。

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