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Self-modulated laser wakefield accelerators as x-ray sources

N Lemos, J L Martins, F S Tsung, J L Shaw, K A Marsh, F Albert, B B Pollock, C Joshi2016年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The development of a directional, small-divergence, and short-duration picosecond x-ray probe beam with an energy greater than 50 keV is desirable for high energy density science experiments. We therefore explore through particle-in-cell (PIC) computer simulations the possibility of using x-rays radiated by betatron-like motion of electrons from a self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator as a possible candidate to meet this need. Two OSIRIS 2D PIC simulations with mobile ions are presented, one with a normalized vector potential a0  =  1.5 and the other with an a0  =  3. We find that in both cases direct laser acceleration (DLA) is an important additional acceleration mechanism in addition to the longitudinal electric field of the plasma wave. Together these mechanisms produce electrons with a continuous energy spectrum with a maximum energy of 300 MeV for a0  =  3 case and 180 MeV in the a0  =  1.5 case. Forward-directed x-ray radiation with a photon energy up to 100 keV was calculated for the a0  =  3 case and up to 12 keV for the a0  =  1.5 case. The x-ray spectrum can be fitted with a sum of two synchrotron spectra with critical photon energies of 13 and 45 keV for the a0 of 3 and critical photon energies of 0.3 and 1.4 keV for a0 of 1.5 in the plane of polarization of the laser. The full width at half maximum divergence angle of the x-rays was 62  ×  1.9 mrad for a0  =  3 and 77  ×  3.8 mrad for a0  =  1.5.

日本語訳

指向性が高く、発散が小さく、持続時間が短いピコ秒のX線プローブビームで、エネルギーが50 keVを超えるものは、高エネルギー密度科学実験において望ましい。そこで我々は、パーティクルインセル(PIC)コンピュータシミュレーションを通じて、自己変調レーザー航跡場加速器からの電子のベータトロン様運動によって放射されるX線を、このニーズを満たす候補として用いる可能性を探求する。移動イオンを考慮した2つのOSIRIS 2D PICシミュレーションを提示する。1つは規格化ベクトルポテンシャルa₀ = 1.5、もう1つはa₀ = 3である。両方のケースにおいて、直接レーザー加速(DLA)が、プラズマ波の縦方向電場に加えて重要な追加の加速メカニズムであることが分かる。これらのメカニズムが相まって、a₀ = 3のケースでは最大エネルギー300 MeV、a₀ = 1.5のケースでは180 MeVの連続エネルギースペクトルを持つ電子を生成する。前方方向へのX線放射は、a₀ = 3のケースでは光子エネルギーが最大100 keV、a₀ = 1.5のケースでは最大12 keVまで計算された。X線スペクトルは、レーザーの偏光面内において、a₀ = 3の場合は臨界光子エネルギーが13 keVと45 keVの2つのシンクロトロンスペクトルの和で、a₀ = 1.5の場合は臨界光子エネルギーが0.3 keVと1.4 keVの2つのシンクロトロンスペクトルの和でフィッティングできる。X線の半値全幅(FWHM)発散角は、a₀ = 3の場合62×1.9 mrad、a₀ = 1.5の場合77×3.8 mradであった。

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