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Enhancement of tritium release from ceramic breeders with impregnated catalytic additives

Kenzo Munakata, Atsushi Baba, Takahiro Kawagoe, Toshiharu Takeishi, Kenji Okuno2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractIn most current designs of D-T fusion reactor breeding blankets employing Li-based ceramic as breeder materials, the use of a helium sweep gas containing 0.1% of hydrogen is contemplated to extract tritium via isotopic exchange reactions. However, at lower temperatures, the release process of tritium from the breeders is known to be rather slow. For this reason, there is still a need to develop techniques that promote the release of bred tritium. In order to improve recovery of tritium from blankets over a wide range of temperature, the effect of catalytically active metal additives on the heterogeneous isotope exchange reactions at the breeder/sweep gas interface was examined, and main results are summarized in this paper. Platinum and palladium were deposited on solid breeder material pebbles (Li4SiO4) by the incipient wet impregnation method. Experiments were performed with hydrogen and predeuterated water using packed bed reactors and gas chromatographic analysis. Out of pile tritium release experiments were also conducted using ceramic breeders irradiated in a research reactor. The experimental results of this work reveal the benefit of the addition of catalytic additive metals, which is very effective to increase the tritium release rate from ceramic breeder materials especially at comparatively lower temperatures.

日本語訳

現在のD-T核融合炉増殖ブランケット設計のほとんどでは、Li系セラミック増殖材料を用い、0.1%の水素を含むヘリウム掃気ガスを使用して、同位体交換反応によりトリチウムを抽出することが検討されている。しかしながら、低温域では増殖材料からのトリチウム放出過程がかなり遅いことが知られている。このため、増殖トリチウムの放出を促進する技術の開発が依然として必要とされている。広い温度範囲にわたってブランケットからのトリチウム回収を改善するため、増殖材料/掃気ガス界面における不均一同位体交換反応に及ぼす触媒活性金属添加の効果を検討し、その主な結果を本論文にまとめた。固体増殖材料ペブル(Li4SiO4)上に白金およびパラジウムを含浸法により担持した。水素および重水素化水を用いて、充填層反応器とガスクロマトグラフ分析により実験を行った。さらに、研究炉で照射したセラミック増殖材料を用いて、炉外トリチウム放出実験も実施した。本研究の実験結果は、特に比較的低温域においてセラミック増殖材料からのトリチウム放出速度を向上させる上で、触媒活性金属添加の有効性を示すものである。

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