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Conceptual design of a breeding blanket with super-heated steam cycle for CREST-1

Yoshiyuki Asaoka, Kunihiko Okano, Tomoaki Yoshida, Ken Tomabechi, Seiji Mori2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractConceptual design of a tritium breeding blanket for CREST-1 was conducted. CREST-1 (Compact REversed Shear Tokamak), a conceptual design of water-cooled commercial reactor based on a reversed shear high beta equilibrium, has been proposed as a possible scenario to an economical and feasible reactor succeeding the ITER project. In the present design study, a possibility of cost competitive fusion power plants with water-cooled concept, which has much experience in nuclear power plants, was examined. The new blanket design is based on the low activation ferritic steel components and an advanced super-heated steam cycle, which is used to realize a high thermal efficiency. High value of the thermal efficiency is very effective for reduction of the cost of electricity. On designing the blanket, allowable temperature range of the structure material, low activation ferritic steel is assumed to be 350–900 K with an expectation of the material research and development. Mixture of lithium oxide pebbles and beryllium pebbles is installed in the breeding zone for high tritium breeding ratio and high thermal conductivity of the breeding zone. Mixture ratio of beryllium and lithium-6 enrichment were optimized from viewpoints of temperature distribution in the breeding zone, achievable tritium breeding ratio and its reduction due to burn up. The designed blanket system has approximately 1.4 of local tritium breeding ratio with a 1.0 mm thickness of zirconium plate which is placed at 24 cm from the plasma surface as a conducting shell for kink stabilization. Arrangements of cooling channels and breeding zones and flow rate and inlet temperature of the coolant were also optimized to keep the temperatures of structure materials, breeding materials and coolant in the allowable range. The first wall is cooled by pressurized water at about 570 K. The coolant out of cooling channels of the first wall is lead to those of breeding zone and starts partially boiling. The steam is super-heated up to 750 K in the blanket. This high temperature raises the thermal efficiency of turbine to 41%. Our cost assessment has shown that CREST-1 generates about 1.16 GWe electric power within a competitive COE range.

日本語訳

CREST-1(コンパクト逆転シアトカマク)のトリチウム増殖ブランケットの概念設計を実施した。CREST-1は、ITER計画に続く経済的かつ実現可能なシナリオとして提案された、逆転シア高ベータ平衡に基づく水冷商業炉の概念設計である。本設計研究では、原子力発電所において豊富な実績を有する水冷概念による、コスト競争力のある核融合発電の可能性を検討した。新型ブランケット設計は、低放射化フェライト鋼部品と高度な過熱蒸気サイクルに基づいており、高い熱効率を実現する。熱効率の高さは発電コスト低減に極めて有効である。ブランケット設計において、構造材料である低放射化フェライト鋼の許容温度範囲は、材料研究開発の進展を見据えて350~900Kと仮定した。増殖領域には、高いトリチウム増殖比と高い熱伝導率を実現するため、酸化リチウムペブルとベリリウムペブルを充填した。ベリリウムとリチウム6の混合比は、増殖領域の温度分布、達成可能なトリチウム増殖比、および燃焼に伴うトリチウム増殖比の低下の観点から最適化した。設計したブランケットシステムは、局所トリチウム増殖比約1.4を達成し、キンク安定化用導体シェルとしてプラズマ表面から24cmの位置に厚さ1.0mmのジルコニウム板を配置した。冷却チャネルと増殖領域の配置、ならびに冷却材の流量と入口温度も、構造材料、増殖材料、および冷却材の温度を許容範囲内に維持するよう最適化した。第一壁は約570Kの加圧水で冷却される。第一壁の冷却チャネルを出た冷却材は増殖領域の冷却チャネルに導かれ、部分沸騰を開始する。蒸気はブランケット内で750Kまで過熱される。この高温によりタービンの熱効率は41%に向上する。コスト評価の結果、CREST-1は競争力のあるCOE範囲内で約1.16GWeの電力を発電できることが示された。

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