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The impact of D—3He fusion reactors on waste disposal

W.F. Vogelsang, H.Y. Khater1987年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

The suggestion that the surface of the moon may be mined for 3He to be used as a fuel in terrestrial fusion reactors has recently been made. A fusion reactor based on the D—3He reaction would have the advantage that most of the power produced would be in the form of charged non-radioactive particles. However, secondary D—D and D—T reactions also occur. A study is made of the consequences of the radioactivity induced by the neutrons from these reactions with respect to waste disposal. A generic first wall and shield 0.4 m thick consisting of 7% structure, 73% H2O and 20% void was used as a test case. The structural materials considered were two austenitic stainless steels (PCA and Tenelon), two ferritic alloys (HT-9 and a low activity modification of HT-9), and a vanadium alloy (V15Cr5Ti). The results of the calculations show that for operation at a fusion power loading of 1 MW/m2 for a thirty year reactor lifetime, Tenelon, the low activity HT-9 and the vanadium alloy meet surface waste disposal requirements consistent with those published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (10CRF61). If five percent boron is added to the water to suppress (n, γ) reactions, HT-9 and PCA structures are acceptable. Calculations of a first wall and shield designed for a 600 MW reactor D—3He operating at a fusion power loading of 2.94 MW/m2 indicate that Tenelon may be used as structure and meet waste disposal requirements after thirty years of operation. It is concluded that the use of a D—3He cycle allows surface burial of activated reactor components and results in a significant reduction in the volume of waste.

日本語訳

月面から採掘された3Heを地上の核融合炉の燃料として使用する可能性が最近提案された。D—3He反応に基づく核融合炉は、生成されるエネルギーの大部分が荷電粒子(非放射性)の形をとるという利点を持つ。しかしながら、副次的なD—D反応およびD—T反応も発生する。本稿では、これらの反応によって生じる中性子が誘起する放射能が廃棄物処理に及ぼす影響について検討する。試験ケースとして、厚さ0.4mの一般的な第一壁および遮蔽体(構成比:構造材7%、H2O 73%、ボイド20%)を想定した。検討対象の構造材は、2種類のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼(PCAおよびTenelon)、2種類のフェライト系合金(HT-9およびHT-9の低放射化改質材)、ならびに1種類のバナジウム合金(V15Cr5Ti)である。計算結果によれば、核融合出力負荷1 MW/m2、運転期間30年の条件下では、Tenelon、HT-9の低放射化改質材、およびバナジウム合金が、米国連邦規則集(10CFR61)に定められた表面廃棄物処理要件を満たす。さらに、中性子捕獲反応(n, γ)を抑制するためにホウ素を5%添加した場合、HT-9およびPCA構造も許容可能となる。また、600 MW炉を想定し、核融合出力負荷2.94 MW/m2で設計した第一壁および遮蔽体の計算では、Tenelonを構造材として使用した場合、30年間の運転後に廃棄物処理要件を満たすことが示された。結論として、D—3Heサイクルの利用により、放射化された炉構成要素の表面廃棄が可能となり、廃棄物量の大幅な削減が達成される。

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