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Minority and mode conversion heating in (3He)–H JET plasmas

D Van Eester, E Lerche, T J Johnson, T Hellsten, J Ongena, M-L Mayoral, D Frigione, C Sozzi, G Calabro, M Lennholm2012年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Radio frequency (RF) heating experiments have recently been conducted in JET (3He)–H plasmas. This type of plasmas will be used in ITER's non-activated operation phase. Whereas a companion paper in this same PPCF issue will discuss the RF heating scenario's at half the nominal magnetic field, this paper documents the heating performance in (3He)–H plasmas at full field, with fundamental cyclotron heating of 3He as the only possible ion heating scheme in view of the foreseen ITER antenna frequency bandwidth. Dominant electron heating with global heating efficiencies between 30% and 70% depending on the 3He concentration were observed and mode conversion (MC) heating proved to be as efficient as 3He minority heating. The unwanted presence of both 4He and D in the discharges gave rise to 2 MC layers rather than a single one. This together with the fact that the location of the high-field side fast wave (FW) cutoff is a sensitive function of the parallel wave number and that one of the locations of the wave confluences critically depends on the 3He concentration made the interpretation of the results, although more complex, very interesting: three regimes could be distinguished as a function of X[3He]: (i) a regime at low concentration (X[3He] < 1.8%) at which ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heating is efficient, (ii) a regime at intermediate concentrations (1.8 < X[3He] < 5%) in which the RF performance is degrading and ultimately becoming very poor, and finally (iii) a good heating regime at 3He concentrations beyond 6%. In this latter regime, the heating efficiency did not critically depend on the actual concentration while at lower concentrations (X[3He] < 4%) a bigger excursion in heating efficiency is observed and the estimates differ somewhat from shot to shot, also depending on whether local or global signals are chosen for the analysis. The different dynamics at the various concentrations can be traced back to the presence of 2 MC layers and their associated FW cutoffs residing inside the plasma at low 3He concentration. One of these layers is approaching and crossing the low-field side plasma edge when 1.8 < X[3He] < 5%. Adopting a minimization procedure to correlate the MC positions with the plasma composition reveals that the different behaviors observed are due to contamination of the plasma. Wave modeling not only supports this interpretation but also shows that moderate concentrations of D-like species significantly alter the overall wave behavior in 3He-H plasmas. Whereas numerical modeling yields quantitative information on the heating efficiency, analytical work gives a good description of the dominant underlying wave interaction physics.

日本語訳

最近、JET(3He)–Hプラズマにおいて高周波(RF)加熱実験が実施された。このタイプのプラズマは、ITERの非活性化運転段階で使用される予定である。本PPCF号の姉妹論文では、公称磁場の半分でのRF加熱シナリオについて議論する一方、本論文では、ITERのアンテナ周波数帯域を考慮した場合に3Heの基本サイクロトロン加熱が唯一のイオン加熱方式となる、(3He)–Hプラズマにおける全磁場での加熱性能を文書化する。3He濃度に依存して30%から70%の全体加熱効率を持つ電子支配加熱が観測され、モード変換(MC)加熱は3He少数加熱と同等の効率を示した。プラズマ中に意図しない4HeとDが存在すると、単一のMC層ではなく2つのMC層が生じた。さらに、高磁場側の速波(FW)遮断位置が平行波数に敏感に依存し、波動収束の位置の一つが3He濃度に決定的に依存するという事実により、結果の解釈はより複雑になったが、非常に興味深いものとなった:X[3He]の関数として3つの領域が区別できた:(i)イオンサイクロトロン共鳴周波数(ICRF)加熱が効率的である低濃度領域(X[3He] < 1.8%)、(ii)RF性能が劣化し最終的に非常に不良となる中間濃度領域(1.8% < X[3He] < 5%)、そして(iii)3He濃度が5%を超えると加熱効率が良好となる領域。後者の領域では、加熱効率は実際の濃度に決定的に依存せず、一方、低濃度(X[3He] < 4%)では加熱効率の大きな変動が観測され、推定値はショット間でばらつきがあり、局所シグナルと全体シグナルのどちらを解析に用いるかにも依存した。様々な濃度での異なるダイナミクスは、低3He濃度において2つのMC層とそれに伴うFW遮断層がプラズマ内部に存在することに起因する。1.8 < X[3He] < 5%のとき、これらの層の一つが低磁場側のプラズマ端に接近し、それを横切る。MC位置とプラズマ組成を相関させる最小化手順を採用することで、観測された異なる挙動がプラズマの汚染によるものであることが明らかになった。波動モデリングはこの解釈を支持するだけでなく、3He–HプラズマにおけるD様種の中等度の濃度が全体の波動挙動を有意に変化させることを示している。数値モデリングが加熱効率に関する定量的情報を与える一方、解析的アプローチは支配的な基礎波動相互作用物理の優れた記述を提供する。

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