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Experimental simulation of plasma disruption with an electron beam

Giordano Rigon, Pietro Moretto, Francesco Brossa1987年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

The behaviour of several materials during a disruption in a fusion reactor was investigated using an electron beam. The thermal effects of the beam are strongly dependent on the density of energy deposited on the material. Calibration measurements were therefore performed with a particular regard to:—the power incident on the sample: for a given voltage of the accelerated electrons, the incident current must be measured;—the fraction of that power deposited in the material. In fact, not all of the incident electrons deposit their energy in the material, many of them being reflected and others giving rise to different phenomena;—the distribution of the density of the incident power or, indeed, of the density of the electric current of the beam. The difficulties found in the calibration methods used for the electron beam and the results were discussed.After calibration, several experiments to simulate the thermal shock onto limiters/divertor in fusion devices were performed. The following materials were investigated:—aluminium—copper—molybdenum—AISI 316L steel.The following quantities were measured during simulated disruptions:—the depth of the melted zone per pulse—the quantity of metal evaporated as a result of a large number of pulses—the fractional evaporation of Cr and Mn in AISI 316L stainless steel.The steel specimens were seriously damaged by thermal shocks; apart from the melting and evaporation, the formation of cracks was also observed. The motion of the melted metal due to convection or to surface tension gradients may play an important rôle in the melting.

日本語訳

核融合炉におけるディスラプション中の数種類の材料の挙動を、電子ビームを用いて調査した。ビームの熱的影響は、材料に堆積するエネルギー密度に強く依存する。そこで、較正測定を以下の点に特に留意して実施した:—試料に入射する電力:加速電子の電圧が一定の場合、入射電流を測定しなければならない;—その電力のうち材料に堆積する割合。実際、入射電子のすべてがそのエネルギーを材料中に堆積するわけではなく、多くは反射され、また別のものは異なる現象を引き起こす;—入射電力密度、あるいは実際にはビームの電流密度の分布。電子ビームに用いた較正方法で遭遇した困難とその結果について議論した。較正後、核融合装置におけるリミター/ダイバータへの熱衝撃をシミュレートするためのいくつかの実験を実施した。以下の材料を調査した:—アルミニウム—銅—モリブデン—AISI 316L鋼。シミュレートされたディスラプション中に以下の量を測定した:—パルス当たりの溶融領域の深さ—多数のパルスの結果として蒸発した金属の量—AISI 316Lステンレス鋼におけるCrおよびMnの分率蒸発。鋼の試験片は熱衝撃によって深刻な損傷を受けた。溶融と蒸発に加えて、亀裂の形成も観察された。対流または表面張力勾配による溶融金属の移動は、溶融において重要な役割を果たす可能性がある。

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Plasma disruptionElectron beams
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