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Atmospheric pressure microwave torch for synthesis of carbon nanotubes

L Zajíčková, M Eliáš, O Jašek, V Kudrle, Z Frgala, J Matějková, J Buršík, M Kadlečíková2005年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The microwave (mw) plasma torch at atmospheric pressure has been studied for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis. The depositions were carried out on silicon substrates with 5–15 nm thin iron catalytic overlayers from the mixture of argon, hydrogen and methane. The optical emission spectroscopy of the torch showed the presence of C2 and CH radicals as well as carbon and hydrogen excited atoms. The vicinity of the substrate influenced the relative intensities and increased the emission of C2. For fixed mw power, the temperature of the substrate strongly depended on its position with respect to the nozzle electrode and on the gas mixture, particularly the amount of H2. The speed of the substrate heating during an early deposition phase had a significant effect on the CNT synthesis. An abrupt increase of the temperature at the beginning increased the efficiency of the CNT synthesis. Areas of dense straight standing CNTs, 30 nm in average diameter, with approximately the same sized iron nanoparticles on their tops were found in accordance with the model of growth by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. However, the deposit was not uniform and a place with only several nanometres thick CNTs grown on much larger iron particles was also found. Here, taking into account the gas temperature in the torch, 3100–3900 K, we can see similarities with the 'dissolution–precipitation' model of the CNT growth by high temperature methods, arc or laser ablation.

日本語訳

大気圧マイクロ波プラズマトーチを用いたカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)合成について研究した。堆積は、アルゴン、メタン、水素の混合ガス中で、5〜15 nmの厚さの鉄触媒層を備えたシリコン基板上で行った。トーチの発光分光分析により、C2およびCHラジカル、ならびに炭素および水素の励起原子の存在が確認された。基板近傍は相対強度に影響を与え、C2の発光を増加させた。固定マイクロ波出力において、基板の温度はノズル電極に対する位置とガス混合比、特に水素量に強く依存した。初期堆積段階における基板加熱速度はCNT合成に有意な影響を与えた。開始時の急激な温度上昇はCNT合成効率を向上させた。平均直径30 nmの密な垂直配向CNTが、ほぼ同サイズの鉄ナノ粒子を先端に有して観察され、これはプラズマ強化化学気相成長法による成長モデルと一致した。しかし、堆積は均一ではなく、数ナノメートル厚のCNTがより大きな鉄粒子の上にのみ成長した領域も見られた。ここで、トーチ内のガス温度が3100〜3900 Kであることを考慮すると、アーク放電やレーザーアブレーションなどの高温法における「溶解–析出」モデルとの類似性が見出される。

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