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Experimental and modeling study of chemical-based strategies for mitigating dust formation in fusion reactors

Batikan Koroglu, Marco Mehl, Jonathan C Crowhurst, Joseph M Zaug, Timothy P Rose, Harry B Radousky, Michael R Armstrong2019年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

We studied carbon/hydrogen/oxygen chemical kinetics at time scales and thermal conditions relevant to fusion energy applications using a custom-built plasma flow reactor to investigate chemical-based strategies for eliminating carbon dust formation in fusion reactors. Acetylene and oxygen gases under varying conditions of initial concentrations are injected into an inductively coupled argon plasma where complete molecular dissociation occurs. The evolution of chemical species is investigated along the plasma flow reactor as a function of temperature and residence time. Atomized species of C, H, and O cool from 5000 to 1000 K within 30 ms at atmospheric pressures. We employed optical emission and infrared absorption spectroscopy to measure the reaction intermediates (e.g. C2) and products (e.g. C2H2). Chemical equilibrium models are inadequate to describe the evolution of carbon molecular products, and thus a chemical kinetics model is developed. In both experiments and kinetic modeling, we find that the addition of oxygen in 1:1 proportion to carbon strongly favors the formation of CO, preventing the formation of acetylene (an important soot precursor) in less than 10 milliseconds. The kinetics model is also used to perform reaction sensitivity and a rate of production analyzes to identify the rate determining steps and the major chemical pathways that control the acetylene production/consumption. The results demonstrate the feasibility of chemical-based strategies for eliminating the formation of carbonaceous particles in fusion energy reactors.

日本語訳

我々は、核融合エネルギー応用に関連する時間スケールおよび熱的条件における炭素/水素/酸素の化学反応速度論を研究するため、自作のプラズマフローリアクターを用いて、核融合炉における炭素ダスト生成を抑制する化学的戦略を調査した。アセチレンおよび酸素ガスを、初期濃度条件を変えて、完全な分子解離が生じる誘導結合アルゴンプラズマ中に注入した。化学種の進化は、プラズマフローリアクターに沿って、温度および滞留時間の関数として調査した。原子化されたC、H、O種は、大気圧条件下で30ミリ秒以内に5000 Kから1000 Kまで冷却される。発光分光法および赤外吸収分光法を用いて、反応中間体(例:C2)および生成物(例:C2H2)を測定した。化学平衡モデルでは炭素含有分子種の進化を適切に記述できないため、化学反応速度論モデルを構築した。実験と速度論モデリングの両方において、酸素を炭素に対して1:1の割合で添加すると、COの生成が強く促進され、重要な煤(スート)前駆体であるアセチレンの生成が10ミリ秒未満で抑制されることが判明した。さらに、速度論モデルを用いて反応感度解析および生成速度解析を実施し、アセチレンの生成/消費を支配する律速段階および主要な化学反応経路を特定した。これらの結果は、核融合炉における炭素質粒子の生成を抑制する化学的戦略の実現可能性を示すものである。

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