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Toroidal field coil design for the spherical tokamak power plant

G.M Voss, A Bond, J.E.G Edwards, T.C Hender2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe design of the toroidal field (TF) coil system of a spherical tokamak (ST) power plant has considerable influence on the design and performance of the entire plant due mainly to its electrical power requirements which are dominated by the centre rod conductor. The low aspect ratio and high TF coil current combined with the effects of neutron irradiation on the structures lead to compromises in the centre column dimensions and choice of materials. Since the electrical conductivity of metals increases markedly with falling temperatures this offers a route for reducing the resistive power dissipation in the coils. However the coils now need refrigerating which also consumes power which adds to the total dissipation. The optimum for a water cooled copper centre conductor appears to be around room temperature and the optimum for a helium cooled aluminium conductor appears to be around 30 K. Centre column and TF coil designs based on these two options are being developed and the current status of the designs is presented here. The water cooled copper option uses a dispersion strengthened copper alloy for the centre rod with minimal shielding giving a simple design. The cryogenically cooled option uses pure aluminium and offers advantages in terms of power consumption but requires significant shielding and more complex structural supports.

日本語訳

球状トカマク(ST)発電所のトロイダル磁場(TF)コイルシステムの設計は、主に中心ロッドによって決まる電気出力要件により、発電所全体の設計と性能にかなりの影響を及ぼす。低アスペクト比と高TFコイル電流は、中性子照射の影響と相まって、中心柱の寸法と材料選択における妥協点をもたらす。金属の電気伝導率は温度の低下とともに著しく上昇するため、コイルにおける抵抗電力損失を低減する経路が提供される。しかしながら、コイルは現在冷却を必要としており、これもまた電力を消費して総損失に加算される。水冷銅中心導体の最適温度は室温付近であると思われ、ヘリウム冷却アルミニウム導体の最適温度は約30 Kであると思われる。これら2つの選択肢に基づく中心柱とTFコイルの設計が開発されており、その現状がここに提示される。水冷銅オプションは、最小限の遮蔽を備えた中心ロッドに分散強化銅合金を使用し、単純な設計を実現する。極低温冷却オプションは純アルミニウムを使用し、消費電力の点で利点を提供するが、相当な遮蔽とより複雑な構造支持を必要とする。

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Spherical tokamak
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