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Hydromagnetic equilibria and their proper coordinates

Shigeo Hamada1960年被引用 208Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Proper coordinate systems are constructed in hydromagnetic equilibria and their properties are studied. First, the contra-gradient components of magnetic field and of current density are surface quantities. Second, the equi-pressure surfaces which have no singularity within a finite volume must be topologically torus-shaped. Third, a general condition of no charge separation is deduced as follows: There must be a simple closed loop on every equi-pressure surface having the property that the integral is constant for the variable A. Here, the integral is carried out along a magnetic line from a point A on the loop to the returning point B on the same loop, and dl is the magnetic line element. An expression of the shape of current lines is obtained from the condition in the cases of unclosed field and of twisted field. A method of determining the magnetic surfaces which coincide with equi-pressure surfaces is obtained in the case of closed field. We examine the successive approximation method developed by M. Kruskal et al. with the help of these methods. It fails in the first approximation in almost all cases of twisted fields. It can be used in the case of unclosed field if the rotational transform ratio is one of the continued fractions constructed in this paper. It can be used in the case of the closed field with mirror symmetry when the plasma pressure gradient is not too steep. An effect of the closed magnetic lines in a twisted field is considered. The diffusing velocity of plasma is infinite in the neighbourhood of magnetic surfaces which are made of closed lines not satisfying the condition of no charge separation. The ratio of the measure of the highly diffusing region to the measure of the whole system is estimated in an easy case. The result suggests that the confinement time of plasma may be considerably shorter than that of plasma in the field compatible with the condition of no charge separation.

日本語訳

磁気流体平衡において適切な座標系が構築され、それらの性質が研究される。第一に、磁場と電流密度の反勾配成分は表面量である。第二に、有限体積内で特異点を持たない等圧面は、位相的にトーラス形状でなければならない。第三に、無電荷分離の一般的な条件が次のように導かれる:各等圧面上に、積分 が変数Aに対して定数であるという性質を持つ単純閉ループが存在しなければならない。ここで、積分は、ループ上の点Aから同じループ上の戻り点Bまでの磁力線に沿って実行され、dlは磁力線要素である。電流線の形状の表現は、非閉鎖場およびねじれ場の場合の条件から得られる。閉鎖場の場合には、等圧面と一致する磁気面を決定する方法が得られる。我々は、これらの方法を用いて、M. Kruskalらによって開発された逐次近似法を調べる。それは、ねじれ場のほとんどすべての場合において、一次近似で失敗する。それは、回転変換比が本論文で構築された連分数の一つである場合、非閉鎖場の場合に使用できる。それは、プラズマ圧力勾配が急すぎない場合、鏡面対称性を持つ閉鎖場の場合に使用できる。ねじれ場における閉じた磁力線の効果が考察される。プラズマの拡散速度は、無電荷分離の条件を満たさない閉じた線からなる磁気面の近傍で無限大である。高拡散領域の測度と全体系の測度との比が、簡単な場合において推定される。その結果は、プラズマの閉じ込め時間が、無電荷分離の条件と両立する場におけるプラズマのそれよりもかなり短くなる可能性があることを示唆している。

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