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Effect of the Shafranov shift and the gradient of β on intrinsic momentum transport in up–down asymmetric tokamaks

Justin Ball, Felix I Parra, Jungpyo Lee, Antoine J Cerfon2016年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Tokamaks with up–down asymmetric poloidal cross-sections spontaneously rotate due to turbulent transport of momentum. In this work, we investigate the effect of the Shafranov shift on this intrinsic rotation, primarily by analyzing tokamaks with tilted elliptical flux surfaces. By expanding the Grad–Shafranov equation in the large aspect ratio limit we calculate the magnitude and direction of the Shafranov shift in tilted elliptical tokamaks. The results show that, while the Shafranov shift becomes up–down asymmetric and depends strongly on the tilt angle of the flux surfaces, it is insensitive to the shape of the current and pressure profiles (when the geometry, total plasma current, and average pressure gradient are kept fixed). Next, local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of these MHD equilibria are performed with GS2, which reveal that the Shafranov shift can significantly enhance the momentum transport. However, to be consistent, the effect of (i.e. the radial gradient of β) on the magnetic equilibrium was also included, which was found to significantly reduce momentum transport. Including these two competing effects broadens the rotation profile, but leaves the on-axis value of the rotation roughly unchanged. Consequently, the shape of the β profile has a significant effect on the rotation profile of an up–down asymmetric tokamak.

日本語訳

上下非対称なポロイダル断面を持つトカマクは、運動量の乱流輸送により自発的に回転する。本研究では、この自発回転に対するシャフラノフシフトの影響を、主に傾斜した楕円形磁気面を持つトカマクの解析を通じて調べる。グロード・シャフラノフ方程式を大アスペクト比極限で展開することにより、傾斜楕円トカマクにおけるシャフラノフシフトの大きさと方向を計算する。結果は、シャフラノフシフトが上下非対称となり磁気面の傾斜角に強く依存する一方で、電流分布と圧力分布の形状には鈍感であることを示す(全幾何形状、平均電流、平均圧力勾配を固定した場合)。次に、これらのMHD平衡に対してGS2を用いた局所ジャイロ運動論シミュレーションを実施し、シャフラノフシフトが運動量輸送を有意に増強し得ることを明らかにする。しかしながら、整合性のため、βの動径勾配(すなわちβ′)の磁気平衡への影響も考慮すると、これが運動量輸送を有意に低減することが見出された。これら二つの競合する効果を含めることで、回転分布は広がるが、軸上の回転値はほぼ不変のままである。結論として、β分布の形状は上下非対称トカマクの回転分布に有意な影響を及ぼす。

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Momentum transport
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