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Shafranov shift correction to the Furth–Yoshikawa scaling of tokamak adiabatic compression

T Nicolas, H Lütjens, O Sauter, X Garbet2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

In 1970, Furth and Yoshikawa (1970 Phys. Fluids13 2593–6) introduced the scalings of adiabatic plasma compression. Basically, if the shape of the external plasma boundary and the aspect ratio are preserved during the compression, then the density, kinetic pressure, beta and current scale respectively as , , , , , where C is the linear compression ratio, that is, the ratio between initial and final major radii. In this work, we show analytically, by expanding the Grad–Shafranov equation in terms of C, that the deviation to the Furth–Yoshikawa scaling is related to the Shafranov shift that arises when beta increases at large compression ratios. There is an obvious effect of the Shafranov shift because the axis is moved to a region with larger volume element, and an indirect effect, associated to the relation between flux and radius. The latter effect adds to the first, and is of the same order of magnitude. The result is that the pressure increases less than the C5 scaling, which can have a significant impact on the fusion power achieved at maximum compression. The analytical results are backed up by equilibrium simulations carried out with the CHEASE code. Equilibria are obtained for different values of C, with conservation of the total fluxes, q profile, and entropy of the plasma. The agreement of the theory and simulations is very good when the boundary of the plasma is circular and the aspect ratio small. When the aspect ratio is close to 1, and/or the boundary not circular, the analytical result gives the gist of the reduction of compression. Finally, a pressure anisotropy approximately equal to the increase in normalized Shafranov shift is predicted.

日本語訳

1970年、FurthとYoshikawa(1970 Phys. Fluids 13 2593–2596)は、断熱プラズマ圧縮のスケーリングを導入した。基本的に、外部プラズマ境界の形状とアスペクト比が圧縮中に保たれるならば、密度、運動圧、ベータ値、および電流はそれぞれ 、 、 、 のようにスケールする。ここで、Cは線形圧縮比、すなわち初期と最終の主半径の比である。本論文では、Grad–Shafranov方程式をCに関して展開することにより、Furth–Yoshikawaスケーリングからのずれが、大きな圧縮比でベータ値が増大する際に生じるShafranovシフトに関係することを解析的に示す。軸がより大きな体積要素を持つ領域へ移動するため、Shafranovシフトには明らかな効果があり、さらに磁束と半径の関係に関連する間接的な効果もある。後者の効果は前者に加算され、同程度の大きさである。その結果、圧力の増加はC⁵スケーリングよりも小さくなり、これは最大圧縮時に達成される核融合出力に有意な影響を及ぼし得る。解析結果は、CHEASEコードによる平衡計算によって裏付けられている。平衡計算は、全磁束、q分布、およびエントロピーを保存して、異なるCの値に対して実行された。プラズマ境界が円形でアスペクト比が小さい場合、理論とシミュレーションの一致は非常に良好である。アスペクト比が1に近い場合、および/または境界が円形でない場合、解析結果は圧縮の減少の要点を示す。最後に、正規化されたShafranovシフトの増加にほぼ等しい圧力異方性が予測される。

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