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Hydrodynamic instabilities in astrophysics and in laboratory high-energy–density systems

R P Drake2005年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

High-energy–density systems and astrophysical systems both involve hydrodynamic effects, including sources of pressure, shock waves, rarefactions and plasma flows. In the evolution of such systems, hydrodynamic instabilities naturally evolve. As a result, a fundamental understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities is necessary to understand their behaviour. This paper discusses the validity of a hydrodynamic description in both cases, and, from the common perspective of the basic mechanisms at work, discusses the instabilities that appear in astrophysics and at high energy density. The high-energy–density research facilities of today, built to pursue inertial fusion, can accelerate small but macroscopic amounts of material to velocities above 100 km s−1, can heat such material to temperatures above 100 eV and can produce pressures far above a million atmospheres (1012 dyn cm−2 or 0.1 TPa). In addition to enabling inertial fusion research, this enables these facilities to do experiments under the conditions that address basic physics issues including issues from astrophysics. One can devise experiments aimed directly at important processes such as the Rayleigh Taylor instability at an ablating surface or at an embedded interface that is accelerating, the Richtmeyer Meshkov evolution of shocked interfaces and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of shear flows. The paper includes examples of such phenomena from the laboratory and from astrophysics.

日本語訳

高エネルギー密度系と天体物理系は、どちらも流体力学効果を含み、圧力源、衝撃波、希薄波、プラズマ流を含む。これらの系の進化において、流体力学的不安定性は自然に発生する。その結果、流体力学的不安定性の基本的理解は、それらの挙動を理解するために必要である。本論文は、両方の場合における流体力学記述の妥当性を議論し、そして、働く基本メカニズムの共通の観点から、天体物理学と高エネルギー密度において現れる不安定性を議論する。今日の高エネルギー密度研究施設は、慣性核融合を追求するために建設され、小さくとも巨視的な量の物質を毎秒100kmを超える速度まで加速でき、そのような物質を100eVを超える温度まで加熱でき、100万気圧(10¹² dyn cm⁻²または0.1 TPa)をはるかに超える圧力を生成できる。慣性核融合研究を可能にすることに加えて、これによりこれらの施設は、天体物理学からの問題を含む基礎物理学の問題に取り組む条件下での実験を行うことができる。剥離面または加速する埋め込み界面におけるレイリー・テイラー不安定性、衝撃波を受けた界面のリヒトマイヤー・メシュコフ進化、せん断流のケルビン・ヘルムホルツ不安定性などの重要な過程を直接対象とした実験を設計できる。本論文は、実験室と天体物理学からのそのような現象の例を含む。

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