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Halides formation dynamics in nanosecond and femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

N Bordel, L J Fernández-Menéndez, C Méndez-López, C González-Gago, J Pisonero2022年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique based on the measurement of the emitted radiation coming from a laser-induced plasma (LIP) created after irradiation of a sample by a short-duration laser pulse. Research on molecular presence in LIPs has increased because the use of molecular emission has proven an encouraging way to improve LIBS abilities. LIPs are dynamic plasmas with fast time and spatial evolutions, in which atoms and molecules can follow different paths in their evolution and distribution. Molecular creation mechanisms within LIPs are still a challenging issue under investigation and the prevalence of some specific mechanisms are dependent on experimental conditions (sample nature, laser parameters, surrounding atmosphere...). In this work, different time and spatially solved experiments were carried out in ns- and fs-LIBS to investigate the dynamics of alkaline-earth (Ca) halide (F) diatomic molecule formation. Experiments were carried out on powdered CaF2 samples for both ns- and fs-LIBS. The effects of a gas flow (air, He, Ar) over the plume are investigated for ns-LIBS. Nebulization-modified ns-LIBS experiments in which the alkaline-earth element is externally added to the plasma plume as an aerosol were carried out on (C2F4)n samples. The spatial separation between atomic and molecular emission distribution was found to take place with and without external modifications over the ns-LIP. Behavior in fs-LIPs was determined to differ significantly from analogous experiments with nanosecond lasers, but temporal optimization remains the optimum method for molecular detection as spatial separation was not found to provide any remarkable advantage.

日本語訳

レーザー誘起ブレークダウン分光法(LIBS)は、短パルスレーザーによる試料照射後に生成されるレーザー誘起プラズマ(LIP)からの放射を測定することに基づく分析手法である。LIPにおける分子の存在に関する研究は、分子発光の利用がLIBSの能力を向上させる有望な方法であることが実証されているため、増加している。LIPは、時間的・空間的に高速な進化を伴う動的プラズマであり、その中で原子と分子は異なる経路をたどって進化・分布する。LIP内における分子生成メカニズムは、依然として研究中の課題であり、特定のメカニズムの優位性は実験条件(試料の性質、レーザーパラメータ、周囲雰囲気など)に依存する。本研究では、ns-LIBSおよびfs-LIBSにおいて異なる時間・空間分解実験を実施し、アルカリ土類金属(Ca)とハロゲン(F)からなる二原子分子の生成ダイナミクスを調査した。実験は、粉末状のCaF₂試料を用いてns-LIBSとfs-LIBSの両方で行われた。ns-LIBSでは、プルーム上のガス流(空気、He、Ar)の影響を調査した。さらに、アルカリ土類元素をエアロゾルとして外部からプラズマプルームに添加するネブライザー改変ns-LIBS実験を(C₂F₄)ₙ試料に対して実施した。原子発光と分子発光の空間的分布の分離は、ns-LIPにおいて外部改変の有無にかかわらず観察された。fs-LIPにおける挙動は、ナノ秒レーザーを用いた類似実験とは有意に異なることが明らかになったが、分子検出の最適な方法は依然として時間的最適化であり、空間的分離は顕著な利点をもたらさないことが判明した。

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