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Activation product transport using TRACT: ORE estimation of an ITER cooling loop

Panos J. Karditsas1999年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe gradual activation of the primary cooling loops with time in fusion power stations and experimental devices is one of the key safety and environmental issues. The time-dependent activation transport and deposition code transport of activation (TRACT) was developed and is used to predict the behaviour of soluble ions, crud particles and the resulting activity levels. Example calculations involve the transport of activation products in the Limiter–Outboard baffle cooling loop of ITER. Using time and temperature dependent experimental corrosion rate data calculations predict that the mobilised material of 3.75 kg in the loop is lower than the 8–10 kg originally predicted in previous studies, resulting in low levels of deposited activity: 2×108 Bq/m2 in-flux, as compared to 5×1010 Bq/m2, and 2×104 Bq/m2 out-of-flux, as compared to 6×109 Bq/m2. The active material in the loop after 1.2 years of operation is shown to be entirely due to soluble species rather than ‘crud’. Dose calculations, using activation product results based on larger than anticipated corrosion rates, show that during plant operation the contact dose is 63 200 mSv/year, the 1 m away dose is 11 300 mSv/year, and both are entirely due to the active nuclides in the coolant. After shutdown there is a rapid decrease in dose and after 8 days doses are 184 mSv/year (contact) and 43.5 mSv/year (1 m away), and are entirely due to the long-lived nuclides. However, estimation of the dose for the corrosion rates considered as more likely to be representative of the ITER cooling loop gives a total contact dose of 0.23 mSv/year for times greater than 8 days after shutdown. This dose level is considered negligible when compared to the annual permissible worker dose of 20 mSv/year, and would be acceptable under current nuclear plant licensing requirements.

日本語訳

核融合発電所および実験装置における一次冷却ループの時間経過に伴う段階的活性化は、安全性および環境上の重要な課題の一つである。時間依存型放射化輸送・沈着コードであるTRACT(Transport of Activation)は、可溶性イオン、クラッド粒子の挙動およびそれに起因する放射能レベルの予測のために開発された。例として、ITERのリミター・アウトボード遮蔽冷却ループにおける放射化生成物の輸送計算が示されている。時間および温度依存の実験腐食速度データを用いた計算によれば、ループ内の可動物質量は3.75 kgであり、従来の研究で予測された8〜10 kgを下回る。これにより、沈着放射能レベルは低く、インフラックスで2×10⁸ Bq/m²(従来予測5×10¹⁰ Bq/m²)、アウトフラックスで2×10⁴ Bq/m²(従来予測6×10⁹ Bq/m²)となった。運転開始後1.2年時点でのループ内の活性物質は、クラッド粒子ではなく可溶性種に完全に起因することが示された。放射化生成物の結果に基づく線量計算では、想定を上回る腐食速度を用いた場合、運転中の接触線量は63 200 mSv/年、1 m離れた位置での線量は11 300 mSv/年となり、いずれも冷却材中の放射性核種に完全に起因する。停止後は線量が急速に減少し、8日後には接触線量184 mSv/年、1 m離れた位置で43.5 mSv/年となり、これらは長寿命核種のみに起因する。しかしながら、ITER冷却ループをより適切に代表すると考えられる腐食速度を用いた線量評価では、停止後8日を超える期間における総接触線量は0.23 mSv/年となった。この線量レベルは、年間許容被ばく線量20 mSv/年と比較して無視し得るものであり、現在の原子力施設の許認可要件を満たすものと考えられる。

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