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Activation product transport using TRACT: ORE estimation of a generic cooling loop under SEAFP-99 conditions

Panos J. Karditsas2001年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

Occupational radiation exposure (ORE) from the gradual activation of the primary cooling loops with time in fusion power stations and experimental devices is one of the safety and environmental issues. As part of the European safety and environmental assessment of fusion power study (SEAFP) the time-dependent activation transport and deposition code transport of activation (TRACT) was used to predict the behaviour of soluble ions, crud particles and the resulting activity levels. Coolant and pipe surface atomic and activity concentrations are calculated for a simplified cooling loop using SEAFP-2 related thermal–hydraulic data, for the water-cooled lithium–lead (WCLL) blanket concept using low activation martensitic steel. It is determined that ∼12 ml/kg of dissolved H2 are required for the suppression of radiolysis. During plant operation the doses at contact and 1 m away would both be dominated by the active long-lived nuclides in the coolant. After ∼8 days from shutdown the dose values become 1303 man mSv/year (contact) and 27 man mSv/year (1 m away). The implied collective dose rate, if unmitigated, would be roughly six times higher than the value reported for modern PWR plants. The analysis indicates that the time and temperature dependent corrosion rate must be known, as well as the way the cooling loop will be operated, to minimise activation product effects and ORE.

日本語訳

核融合発電所および実験装置における一次冷却ループの経時的な放射化に起因する職業被ばく(ORE)は、安全性および環境上の問題の一つである。欧州の核融合動力研究の安全性・環境評価(SEAFP)の一環として、時間依存型の放射化輸送・沈着コードであるTRACT(Transport of Activation)を用いて、可溶性イオン、クラッド粒子の挙動およびそれに伴う放射能レベルの予測を行った。SEAFP-2関連の熱流動データを用いて、低放射化マルテンサイト鋼を使用した水冷却リチウム・鉛(WCLL)ブランケット概念について、簡略化した冷却ループにおける冷却材および配管表面の原子濃度と放射能濃度を計算した。放射線分解の抑制には、約12 ml/kgの溶存H₂が必要であると決定された。プラント運転中は、接触時および1 m離れた地点での線量はともに、冷却材中の活性な長寿命核種によって支配される。停止から約8日後、線量値は1303人・mSv/年(接触時)および27人・mSv/年(1 m離れた地点)となる。これに伴う集団線量率は、対策を講じない場合、最新のPWRプラントで報告されている値の約6倍となる。本解析は、放射化生成物の影響およびOREを最小化するためには、時間および温度依存の腐食速度に加え、冷却ループの運転方法を知る必要があることを示している。

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