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Controlling sawtooth oscillations in tokamak plasmas

I T Chapman2011年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The sawtooth instability in tokamak plasmas results in a periodic reorganization of the core plasma. A typical sawtooth cycle consists of a quiescent period, during which the plasma density and temperature increase, followed by the growth of a helical magnetic perturbation, which in turn is followed by a rapid collapse of the central pressure. The stabilizing effects of fusion-born α particles are likely to lead to long sawtooth periods in burning plasmas. However, sawteeth with long quiescent periods have been observed to result in the early triggering of neo-classical tearing modes (NTMs) at low plasma pressure, which can, in turn, significantly degrade confinement. Consequently, recent experiments have identified various methods to deliberately control sawtooth oscillations in an attempt to avoid seeding NTMs whilst retaining the benefits of small, frequent sawteeth, such as the prevention of core impurity accumulation. Sawtooth control actuators include current drive schemes, such as electron cyclotron current drive, and tailoring the fast ion population in the plasma using neutral beam injection or ion cyclotron resonance heating.

日本語訳

トカマクプラズマにおける鋸歯状不安定性は、コアプラズマの周期的な再編成をもたらす。典型的な鋸歯状サイクルは、プラズマ密度と温度が上昇する静止期間と、それに続く螺旋状磁気擾乱の成長、そしてその後の中心圧力の急速な崩壊から構成される。核融合由来のα粒子の安定化効果は、燃焼プラズマにおいて長い鋸歯状周期をもたらす可能性が高い。しかしながら、長い静止期間を有する鋸歯状振動は、低プラズマ圧力における新古典テアリングモード(NTM)の早期トリガーを引き起こすことが観察されており、これは結果として閉じ込めを著しく劣化させ得る。そのため、最近の実験では、コア不純物蓄積の防止といった小さく頻繁な鋸歯状振動の利点を維持しつつ、NTMのシーディングを回避することを目的として、鋸歯状振動を意図的に制御する様々な方法が特定されている。鋸歯状制御のアクチュエータには、電子サイクロトロン電流駆動などの電流駆動方式や、中性粒子ビーム入射またはイオンサイクロトロン共鳴加熱を用いたプラズマ中の高速イオン集団の調整が含まれる。

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Sawtooth oscillation
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