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ECH physics and new operational regimes on TCV

J-M Moret, S M Ahmed, S Alberti, Y Andrebe, K Appert, G Arnoux, R Behn, P Blanchard, P Bosshard, Y Camenen2002年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The physics of tokamak plasmas, in which electrons are heated by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and whose current is driven by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), is investigated in this paper together with applications on tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) using modifications of the pressure and current profiles to improve the operational regimes. In order to explain the experimentally determined current drive efficiency and hard x-ray and electron cyclotron emission measurements, it is shown that quasi-linear effects and radial transport of the suprathermal electrons are necessary. Plasmas with fully non-inductively driven currents were obtained with 0.9 MW of off-axis ECCD and 0.45 MW of on-axis counter ECCD. The combination of the driven current and the bootstrap current, accounting for 50% of the total current and peaking off-axis, yields a reversed safety factor profile and a wide and stable electron internal transport barrier. This barrier leads to an enhancement in the energy confinement by a factor of 4.5. ECH is also used to broaden the current profile of high elongation, low normalized-current plasmas whose vertical position would otherwise be uncontrollable on TCV, but whose MHD stability properties should allow high β values. An elongation of 2.47 at a normalized-current of 1.05 MA mT−1 is obtained with off-axis ECH absorbed at an optimized normalized radius between 0.55 and 0.7. Finally, third harmonic ECH is tested in various scenarios, all using vertical beam launching. In particular, high density Ohmic target and preheating with second harmonic ECH are presented. The fraction of third harmonic power absorbed reaches 65% and 85%, respectively.

日本語訳

トカマクプラズマの物理であって、電子が電子サイクロトロン加熱(ECH)によって加熱され、その電流が電子サイクロトロン電流駆動(ECCD)によって駆動されるものについて、圧力および電流分布の修正を用いて動作領域を改善するトカマク・ア・コンフィギュラシオン・バリアブル(TCV)への応用とともに調査する。実験的に決定された電流駆動効率と硬X線および電子サイクロトロン放射測定を説明するために、準線形効果と超熱電子の径方向輸送が必要であることが示される。完全に非誘導的に電流が駆動されたプラズマは、0.9 MWのオフアクシスECCDと0.45 MWのオンアクシス反対方向ECCDを用いて得られた。駆動電流とブートストラップ電流の組み合わせは、全電流の50%を占め、オフアクシスでピークを持つことにより、逆転安全係数分布と広く安定な電子内部輸送障壁をもたらす。この障壁はエネルギー閉じ込めの4.5倍の向上をもたらす。ECHはまた、TCVにおいて高伸長かつ低規格化電流のプラズマの電流分布を広げるために用いられ、これにより垂直位置が制御不能となることを防ぎつつ、MHD安定性の観点から高いβ値が許容される。1.05 MA m⁻¹の規格化電流における2.47の伸長は、0.55から0.7の間の最適化された規格化半径でのオフアクシスECH吸収によって達成される。最後に、第三高調波ECHが様々なシナリオで試験され、すべて垂直ビーム入射を用いる。特に、高密度オーミックターゲットと第二高調波ECHによる予備加熱が提示される。第三高調波電力の吸収率は、それぞれ65%と85%に達する。

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Electron cyclotron heatingTCV
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