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Resonant creep enhancement in austenitic stainless steels due to pulsed irradiation at low doses

Naoki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amekura, Tetsuya Saito1995年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractCreep responses of austenitic stainless steels to cyclic 10 MeV deuteron irradiation have been examined, for solution-annealed (SA) or 20% cold-worked (CW) 316 stainless steel (SS) and Fe25Ni15Cr alloy. After the strain rate reached a steady state under a long-term continuous irradiation, the irradiation mode was switched to square waveforms (pulse width τP = 10 ms–1000 s). Anomalous large creep enhancement due to the cyclic irradiation was observed at a particular pulse width range around τP = 100 s, even at a low damage rate of 2.0 × 10−7 dpa s−1, whereas the specimen gave zero or negative strain changes with respect to the steady state level at τP < 1 s or τP > 200 s. Consequently, the pulse width dependence of strain change had a resonant feature with a peak around τP = 100 s. The SA-316 SS and SA- and CW-Fe25Ni15Cr alloys exhibited strain increments of about 10−4 for 10−3 dpa, which were larger by one to two orders of magnitude than the steady state creep. The mechanism of the large creep is ascribed to pulse-induced point defect enrichment, by the aid of a rate theory. It was thus demonstrated that first-wall materials in a plasma operation of about 102 s may suffer from unexpected transient creep and that the dynamic aspects for damaging effects on the first-wall materials should be taken into account, especially for fusion devices to be operated at low temperatures such as ITER.

日本語訳

オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の周期的10 MeV重陽子照射に対するクリープ応答を、溶体化処理(SA)または20%冷間加工(CW)した316ステンレス鋼(SS)およびFe-25Ni-15Cr合金について調べた。長期連続照射下でひずみ速度が定常状態に達した後、照射モードを矩形波(パルス幅τP = 10 ms–1000 s)に切り替えた。低い損傷速度2.0 × 10−7 dpa s−1であっても、τP = 100 s付近の特定のパルス幅範囲において、周期的照射による異常な大きなクリープ増強が観察された。一方、τP < 1 sまたはτP > 200 sでは、試験片は定常状態レベルに対してゼロまたは負のひずみ変化を示した。その結果、ひずみ変化のパルス幅依存性は、τP = 100 s付近にピークを持つ共鳴的特徴を示した。SA-316 SSおよびSA-およびCW-Fe-25Ni-15Cr合金は、10−3 dpaに対して約10−4のひずみ増分を示し、これは定常状態クリープよりも1〜2桁大きい値であった。この大きなクリープのメカニズムは、速度理論に基づき、パルス誘起による点欠陥の濃縮に帰属された。これにより、ITERのような低温で運転される核融合装置において、約102 sのプラズマ運転下で第一壁材料が予期しない過渡クリープを受ける可能性があり、第一壁材料の損傷効果における動的側面を考慮すべきであることが実証された。

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