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Review of hydrodynamic instability experiments in inertially confined fusion implosions on National Ignition Facility

V A Smalyuk, C R Weber, O L Landen, S Ali, B Bachmann, P M Celliers, E L Dewald, A Fernandez, B A Hammel, G Hall2020年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Hydrodynamic instabilities are a major factor in degradation of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. In the highest performing implosions on National Ignition Facility, yield amplification (YA) due to alpha particle heating approached ∼3, while YA of ∼15–30 is needed for ignition. Understanding and mitigation of the instabilities are critical to achieving ignition. This article reviews several experimental platforms that have been developed to directly measure these instabilities in all phases of ICF implosions. Measurements of ripple-shock propagation at OMEGA laser has provided results on initial seeds for the instabilities in three ablators—plastic (CH), beryllium, and high-density carbon. At the ablation front, instability growth of pre-imposed modulations was measured in the linear regime using the hydrodynamic growth radiography platform. This platform was extended for modulation growth of 'native roughness' modulations and engineering features (fill tubes and capsule support membranes or 'tents'). Several new experimental platforms have or are being developed to measure instability growth at the ablator–ice interface. In the deceleration phase of implosions, complementary 'self-emission' and 'self-backlighting' platforms were developed to measure low-mode asymmetries and high-mode perturbations near peak compression.

日本語訳

流体力学的不安定性は、慣性核融合(ICF)爆縮の性能低下における主要な要因である。国立点火施設(NIF)における最高性能の爆縮では、アルファ粒子加熱による収量増幅(YA)は約3に達したが、点火には約15〜30のYAが必要である。不安定性の理解と抑制は、点火を達成するために極めて重要である。本稿では、ICF爆縮の全段階においてこれらの不安定性を直接測定するために開発された、いくつかの実験プラットフォームを概説する。OMEGAレーザーにおける衝撃波伝播のリップル測定は、3種類のアブレーター材料——プラスチック(CH)、ベリリウム、高密度カーボン——における初期シードの結果をもたらした。アブレーション面では、流体力学放射線造影プラットフォームを用いて線形成長領域におけるプレパターン化された変調の不安定性成長が測定された。このプラットフォームは、「自然」表面粗さの変調や工学的特徴(フィルチューブやカプセル支持メンブレン、すなわちテント)の成長測定にも拡張された。アブレーターと氷層の界面における不安定性成長を測定するために、いくつかの新しい実験プラットフォームが開発中または開発済みである。爆縮の減速段階では、低モードの非対称性と高モードの摂動をピーク圧縮近傍で測定するために、相補的な「自己発光」および「自己バックライティング」プラットフォームが開発された。

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IgnitionFusion implosionsNational Ignition Facility
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