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Optimization of the chemical composition and manufacturing route for ODS RAF steels for fusion reactor application

Z. Oksiuta, N. Baluc2009年被引用 35Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

As the upper temperature for use of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels is presently limited by a drop in mechanical strength at about 550 °C, Europe, Japan and the US are actively researching steels with high strength at higher operating temperatures, mainly using stable oxide dispersion. In addition, the numerous interfaces between matrix and oxide particles are expected to act as sinks for the irradiation-induced defects. The main R&D activities aim at finding a compromise between good tensile and creep strength and sufficient ductility, especially in terms of fracture toughness. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) reduced activation ferritic (RAF) steels appear as promising materials for application in fusion power reactors up to about 750 °C. Six different ODS RAF steels, with compositions of Fe–(12–14)Cr–2W–(0.1–0.3-0.5)Ti–0.3Y2O3 (in wt%), were produced by powder metallurgy techniques, including mechanical alloying, canning and degassing of the milled powders and compaction of the powders by hot isostatic pressing, using various devices and conditions. The materials have been characterized in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. The results have been analysed in terms of optimal chemical composition and manufacturing conditions. In particular, it was found that the composition of the materials should lie in the range Fe–14Cr–2W–(0.3–0.4)Ti–(0.25–0.3)Y2O3, as 14Cr ODS RAF steels exhibit higher tensile strength and better Charpy impact properties and are more stable than 12Cr materials (no risk of martensitic transformation), while materials with 0.5% Ti or more should not be further investigated, due to potential embrittlement by large TiO2 particles.

日本語訳

低放射化フェライト/マルテンサイト鋼の使用上限温度は、現在約550℃での機械的強度の低下によって制限されているため、欧州、日本、米国では、より高い使用温度で高い強度を有する鋼の研究が活発に行われており、主に酸化物分散強化が用いられている。さらに、マトリックスと酸化物粒子の間の多数の界面は、照射誘起欠陥のシンクとして機能することが期待されている。主な研究開発活動は、優れた引張強度とクリープ強度を、特に破壊靭性の観点から十分な延性と両立させることにある。酸化物分散強化(ODS)低放射化フェライト(RAF)鋼は、約750℃までの核融合炉構造材料として有望である。Fe–(12–14)Cr–2W–(0.1–0.3–0.5)Ti–0.3Y₂O₃(wt%)の組成を有する6種類の異なるODS鋼を、機械的合金化、缶詰め封入、脱ガス、熱間静水圧プレス(HIP)による粉末冶金技術を用いて、様々な装置と条件で作製した。これらの材料の微細組織と機械的特性を評価した。その結果を、最適な化学組成と製造条件の観点から分析した。特に、最適な組成はFe–14Cr–2W–(0.3–0.4)Ti–(0.25–0.3)Y₂O₃の範囲にあることが見出された。14Cr ODS RAF鋼は、12Cr材料と比較して、より高い引張強度と優れたシャルピー衝撃特性を示し、マルテンサイト変態のリスクがないため、より安定である。一方、0.5%以上のTiを含む材料は、大きなTiO₂粒子による潜在的な脆化のため、さらなる研究対象から除外すべきである。

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Oxide dispersion strengthened steel
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