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The strengths, needs and possible drawbacks of different heating and current drive systems in relation to ITER

R Wilhelm1998年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The final success of the ITER project will be determined decisively by the appropriate combination of plasma heating and current drive systems to be chosen in the near future. Motivated by the remarkable progress in the heating area, but also in view of still existing major issues with respect to the requirements of ITER, this paper tries to give a fair assessment of the status and perspectives of the four H&CD systems presently under discussion: electron cyclotron waves (ECW), ion cyclotron waves (ICW), lower hybrid waves (LH) and neutral beam injection (NBI). Following a pertaining analysis of an EU ad hoc group it can be concluded that all systems, in spite of the remarkable achievements at the various fusion experiments, will not meet all ITER requirements and need further development and investigations in all four cases. Particular needs or even severe problems arise from both the more stringent technical constraints (e.g. reduced area available for H&CD installation, larger plasma distance of H&CD components, radiological implications, etc) and the increasing need to also explore steady-state operation eventually in `advanced scenarios' in ITER. Resulting H&CD issues or problems will be addressed, such as not sufficiently qualified RF sources, problems in connection with the plasma-facing RF-coupling structures, or the still unsatisfactory status of negative ion technology in the case of NBI. Stationary current drive (with prescribed radial profile and at acceptable efficiency) and the related various control functions seem the greatest challenge for `advanced' ITER operation and further steps beyond it.

日本語訳

ITERプロジェクトの最終的な成功は、近い将来に選択されるプラズマ加熱・電流駆動システムの適切な組み合わせによって決定的に左右されるであろう。加熱分野における目覚ましい進展に動機づけられつつも、ITERの要件に関して依然として存在する主要な問題を考慮し、本論文は現在検討中の4つのH&CDシステム、すなわち電子サイクロトロン波(ECW)、イオンサイクロトロン波(ICW)、低ハイブリッド波(LH)、および中性粒子ビーム入射(NBI)の現状と見通しについて公正な評価を試みるものである。EUの特別作業部会による関連分析に従えば、様々な核融合実験における目覚ましい成果にもかかわらず、すべてのシステムがITERの要件を完全に満たすわけではなく、4つすべてにおいてさらなる開発と調査が必要であると結論づけられる。特定のニーズ、あるいは深刻な問題は、より厳しい技術的制約(例えば、H&CD設置に利用可能な面積の減少、H&CDコンポーネントのプラズマからの距離の増大、放射線学的影響など)と、ITERにおける「先進シナリオ」での定常運転の探求の必要性の高まりの両方から生じている。結果として生じるH&CDの課題や問題、例えば十分に資格認定されていないRF源、プラズマに面するRF結合構造に関連する問題、あるいはNBI技術における負イオン源の未だ不十分な状況などについても取り上げられる。所定の動径分布と許容可能な効率での定常電流駆動、および関連する様々な制御機能は、ITERの「先進運転」とその先のさらなる段階にとって最大の課題と思われる。

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