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Characterization of the energetics and configurations of hydrogen in vacancy clusters in tungsten

Qing-Yuan Ren, Yu-Hao Li, Hong-Bo Zhou, Zhong-Zhu Li, L. Cheng, Guang-Hong Lu2019年被引用 17Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

We have explored the retention of hydrogen (H) in tungsten (W) by investigating its dissolution and aggregation in vacancy clusters (VCs) using a first-principles method and thermodynamic models. The solution energy of a single H in the VCs is in the range of  −0.99 to  −0.64 eV, much lower than that at a mono-vacancy (~  −0.37 eV) and interstitial site (~1.01 eV) in W. Such a remarkable discrepancy is rationalized on the electronic interaction of H with its neighboring W atoms, which varies from repulsion to attraction with H moving from perfect crystal to vacancy/VCs. Specifically, the solution/trapping energies of H in VCs can be well categorized by the coordination number of its neighboring W atoms, i.e. the lower the coordination number of W, the stronger the H–W attraction and the lower the H solution/trapping energy. Furthermore, taking the cluster as an example, it is observed that the multiple H atoms form a multilayer nested cage configuration at the VC surface initially, and then the stable H2 molecules form in the center of the VCs. Interestingly, the pre-existing H atoms in the VC inner surface have a shielding effect on the H–W interaction, decreasing the electron density of the central region of the VCs and facilitating the formation of H2 molecules. Moreover, the desorption temperatures of H in the VCs are also predicted based on the Polanyi–Wigner equation, and are in good agreement with the available thermal desorption spectroscopy experiments. Our calculations provide a good reference to understand the influence of VCs on the retention and evolution of H in W.

日本語訳

我々は、第一原理計算と熱力学モデルを用いて、タングステン(W)中の水素(H)の空孔クラスター(VCs)への溶解と凝集を調査することにより、W中のHの保持を探求した。VCs中の単一Hの固溶エネルギーは-0.99〜-0.64 eVの範囲にあり、W中の単一空孔(約-0.37 eV)や格子間位置(約1.01 eV)における値よりもはるかに低い。この顕著な差異は、Hと隣接するW原子との電子相互作用によって合理化され、Hが完全結晶から空孔/VCsへ移動するにつれて、その相互作用は反発から引力へと変化する。具体的には、VCs中のHの固溶/捕獲エネルギーは、隣接するW原子の配位数によって良好に分類でき、すなわちWの配位数が低いほど、H-W引力は強くなり、Hの固溶/捕獲エネルギーは低くなる。さらに、クラスターを例として取り上げると、複数のH原子が最初にVC表面に多層入れ子状のケージ構造を形成し、その後、VCsの中心部で安定なH₂分子が形成されることが観察された。興味深いことに、VC内表面に既存するH原子はH-W相互作用に対して遮蔽効果を有し、VCs中心領域の電子密度を低下させ、H₂分子の形成を促進する。さらに、VCs中のHの脱離温度もPolanyi-Wigner方程式に基づいて予測され、利用可能な昇温脱離分光法の実験結果と良好な一致を示した。我々の計算は、W中のHの保持と進化に対するVCsの影響を理解するための優れた参考を提供する。

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