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First experimental tests of a new small angle slot divertor on DIII-D

H.Y. Guo, H.Q. Wang, J.G. Watkins, L. Casali, B. Covele, A.L. Moser, T. Osborne, C.M. Samuell, M.W. Shafer, P.C. Stangeby2019年被引用 54Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

A new small angle slot (SAS) divertor concept has been developed to enhance neutral cooling across the divertor target by coupling a closed slot structure with appropriate target shaping. Initial tests on DIII-D find a strong interplay between such anticipated 'SAS' effects and cross-field drifts, favouring operation with the ion B  ×  ∇B drift away from the X-point, as currently employed for advanced tokamaks. This offers the following key improvements relative to DIII-D's open lower divertor or partially-closed upper divertor: (i) SAS allows for transition to low temperature moderately detached divertor conditions with Te  ≲  10 eV at very low main plasma densities, lower than are usually attainable at all in DIII-D high confinement (H-mode) plasmas as used in these tests; (ii) Pedestal performance and core confinement are significantly improved with SAS. The final confinement collapse associated with the onset of X-point MARFE (multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge) following deep detachment occurs at significantly higher pedestal densities, thus widening the window of H-mode operation compatible with a dissipative divertor. For operation with the ion B  ×  ∇B drift toward the X-point, the divertor plasma transitions to a bifurcative detached state at much higher densities, similar to other divertor configurations in DIII-D. These results highlight the strong interplay between divertor closure and drifts, and point to an interesting divertor optimization path to explore that offers potential for future fusion reactors.

日本語訳

新しい小型角度スロット(SAS)ダイバータ概念は、閉鎖スロット構造と適切なターゲット形状を組み合わせることで、ダイバータターゲット全体の中性粒子冷却を強化するために開発された。DIII-Dでの初期試験では、このような想定された「SAS」効果と横断方向ドリフトとの間に強い相互作用が見られ、現在先進トカマクで採用されているように、イオンB×∇BドリフトがX点から離れる方向の運転が有利であることが判明した。これにより、DIII-Dの開放型下部ダイバータまたは半閉鎖型上部ダイバータと比較して、以下の重要な改善がもたらされる:(i)SASは、これらの試験で使用されたDIII-D高閉じ込め(Hモード)プラズマにおいて通常達成可能な密度よりも低い、非常に低い主プラズマ密度でのTe≲10eVの低温中等度非接触ダイバータ状態への遷移を可能にする;(ii)ペデスタル性能とコア閉じ込めはSASによって大幅に改善される。深い非接触状態に続くX点MARFE(多面的非対称放射端部)の発生に伴う最終的な閉じ込め崩壊は、有意に高いペデスタル密度で発生するため、散逸ダイバータと両立可能なHモード運転の窓が広がる。イオンB×∇BドリフトがX点に向かう方向の運転では、ダイバータプラズマは他のDIII-Dダイバータ配位と同様に、はるかに高い密度で分岐的非接触状態へ遷移する。これらの結果は、ダイバータ閉鎖性とドリフトの間の強い相互作用を浮き彫りにし、将来の核融合炉に向けた有望なダイバータ最適化の道筋を示している。

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