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Technologies for the realization of large size RF sources for negative neutral beam systems for ITER. Challenges, experience and the path ahead

Jaydeep Joshi, Arun Chakraborty, Hitesh Patel, M.J. Singh, Mainak Bandyopadhyay, Eberhard Pfaff, Jörg Schäfer, Christian Eckardt, Aron Metz, Marko Gelfert2019年被引用 2Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Technologies for manufacturing small and medium size ion sources (up to four RF drivers) for positive and negative neutral beam systems have evolved over many decades. However, for large negative ion sources to be used at ITER for diagnostic and heating purposes, several existing manufacturing technologies have to be upgraded and re-evaluated to adapt these sources for ITER, such as an operation environment which considers the highest vacuum quality class in a nuclear environment. The diagnostic neutral beam source is the first of such a series of three sources being manufactured according to the ITER built-to-print specification. The experience gained with the progress of manufacturing has shed light on many unforeseen challenges which need due consideration to ensure successful manufacturing of the source as per ITER specifications. These challenges are related to use of the materials with a controlled percentage of the constituents adaptable to a radiative environment, special requirements of the weld joint configuration to enable full penetration with 100% volumetric inspectability, dissimilar material welding technologies, machining process development to meet stringent dimensional accuracies (in the range of 10–50 microns) of individual 'angled' grid segments to achieve overall aperture to aperture alignment of  ±0.2 mm, electro-deposition of copper with thickness  >3 mm over the angled surfaces with control over distortion, and development of post insulators with threaded connection between metal and alumina, with a load carrying capacity of 10 kN and electrical isolation of 90 kV in vacuum. The paper highlights the experience generated in the development of the above-mentioned manufacturing technologies, the methodologies adopted for mitigating the practical limitations, prototyping to establish and qualify the manufacturing procedure, and evaluation of the non-conformities and assessment of deviation proposals, in compliance with ITER requirements.

日本語訳

小型および中型のイオン源(最大4つのRFドライバを備えたもの)を正負両極性の中性粒子ビームシステム用に製造する技術は、数十年にわたって発展してきた。しかしながら、ITERで診断および加熱目的に使用される大型の負イオン源については、核環境における最高真空品質クラスを考慮した運転環境など、これらの源をITERに適合させるために、既存のいくつかの製造技術を改良し再評価する必要がある。診断用中性粒子ビーム源は、ITERの設計図面通り(built-to-print)仕様に従って製造される一連の3つの源のうちの最初のものである。製造の進展に伴って得られた経験は、ITER仕様に従った源の製造を確実に成功させるために十分な考慮を必要とする、多くの予期せぬ課題を明らかにした。これらの課題は、放射線環境に適合可能な構成要素の割合を備えた材料の使用、完全な貫通溶接と100%体積検査を可能にする溶接継手構成の特別な要件、異種材料の溶接技術、個々の「傾斜した」グリッドセグメントの厳しい寸法精度(10〜50ミクロンの範囲)を達成して全体のアパーチャ間の位置合わせを±0.2 mmで実現するための機械加工プロセスの開発、傾斜面上への銅の電気めっき(厚さ3 mm超)とその変形制御、ならびに金属とアルミナ間のねじ接続を備え、10 kNの耐荷重能力と真空中で90 kVの電気絶縁を実現するポスト絶縁体の開発に関連している。本論文は、上記の製造技術の開発において得られた経験、実用的な制約を緩和するために採用された方法論、製造手順を確立し認定するための試作、ならびにITER要件に適合した不適合品の評価と逸脱提案の評価に焦点を当てている。

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