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Brittle destruction of carbon based materials under severe thermal loads

J Linke, H Bolt, P Chappuis, H.J Penkalla, K Schöpflin2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractTo evaluate the dust formation under severe surface heat loads, 120 keV electron beam pulses have been applied to different specimens of carbon based materials, especially fine and coarse grain graphites, CFCs, and pyrolytic carbon. The incident heat load was up to 1.5 GW m−2 for pulse durations of 0.1–2 s. The eroded material was collected by catcher probes or within a volumetric trap. The evaluation of the probe and trap surfaces by means of high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis gave information on the size distribution of the eroded particles. A fraction of the particles detected from heated fine grain graphite had sizes of the order of the graphite grains itself (several ten microns), and a considerable amount of material was deposited on the probes in form of sub-μm particles. The structure of these particles was examined by TEM. Furthermore, the morphology of electron beam generated carbon dust particles was compared to carbon fragments collected in tokamak facilities.

日本語訳

表面熱負荷下でのダスト形成を評価するため、120 keVの電子ビームパルスを、炭素系材料、特に細粒黒鉛、粗粒黒鉛、CFC、および熱分解黒鉛の異なる試験片に適用した。入射熱負荷は、0.1~2秒のパルス持続時間において最大1.5 GW m⁻²であった。侵食された材料は、キャッチャープローブまたは体積トラップ内に捕集された。高分解能走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)および画像解析によるプローブおよびトラップ表面の評価から、侵食粒子の粒径分布に関する情報が得られた。加熱された細粒黒鉛から検出された粒子の一部は、黒鉛粒自体のオーダー(数十ミクロン)のサイズを有し、かなりの量の材料がサブμm粒子の形態でプローブ上に堆積した。これらの粒子の構造は透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)により調べられた。さらに、電子ビームによって生成された炭素ダスト粒子の形態は、トカマク施設で捕集された炭素フラグメントと比較された。

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