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Avalanche transport of energetic-ions in magnetic confinement plasmas: nonlinear multiple wave-number simulation

X.L. Zhu, W. Chen, M. Podestà, F. Wang, D. Liu, Z.X. Wang2022年被引用 11Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Large burst activity, identified as toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) avalanche, occurs frequently in neutral-beam heated plasmas in National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Based on the typical experimental observation of TAE avalanche on NSTX, a self-consistent nonlinear multiple wave-number (k∥ ≃ n/R, where n toroidal mode-number and R major radius) simulation associated with TAE avalanches is performed using the experimental parameters and profiles before the occurrence of TAE avalanche as the M3D-K input. The wave–wave nonlinear coupling among different modes and the resonant interaction between different modes and energetic-ions during TAE avalanches are identified in the nonlinear multiple wave-number simulations. The resonance overlap during the TAE avalanche is clearly observed in the simulation. It is found that the effective wave–wave coupling and a sufficiently strong drive are two important ingredients for the onset of TAE avalanches. TAE avalanche is considered to be a strongly nonlinear process and it is always accompanied by the simultaneous rapid frequency-chirping and large amplitude bursting of multiple modes and significant energetic-ion losses. The experimental phenomenon is observed on NSTX and is qualitatively reproduced by the simulation results in this work. These findings indicate that the onset of avalanche is triggered by nonlinearity of the system, and are also conducive to understanding the underlying mechanism of avalanche transport of energetic particles in the future burning plasmas, such as International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor.

日本語訳

トロイダル・アルフヴェン固有モード(TAE)雪崩と同定される大規模なバースト活動は、National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) における中性粒子ビーム加熱プラズマ中で頻繁に発生する。NSTXにおけるTAE雪崩の典型的な実験観測に基づき、TAE雪崩の発生以前の実験パラメータと分布をM3D-K入力として用いて、TAE雪崩に関連する自己無撞着な非線形多重波数(k∥ ≃ n/R、ここでnはトロイダルモード数、Rは大半径)シミュレーションが実行された。TAE雪崩の間の異なるモード間の波動-波動非線形結合と、異なるモードと高エネルギーイオンとの間の共鳴相互作用が、非線形多重波数シミュレーションにおいて同定された。TAE雪崩中の共鳴重複がシミュレーションで明確に観測された。効果的な波動-波動結合と十分に強い駆動が、TAE雪崩の発生にとって二つの重要な要素であることが見出された。TAE雪崩は強非線形過程であると考えられており、常に複数モードの同時的な急速な周波数チャープと大振幅バースト、および顕著な高エネルギーイオン損失を伴う。この実験現象はNSTXで観測されており、本研究のシミュレーション結果によって定性的に再現された。これらの知見は、雪崩の発生が系の非線形性によって引き起こされることを示しており、また、国際熱核融合実験炉(International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor)のような将来の燃焼プラズマにおける高エネルギー粒子の雪崩輸送の根本的なメカニズムの理解にも資するものである。

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