In high-β scenarios with on-axis co-current electron cyclotron current drive, which normally lowers q0 below unity, the absence of sawteeth suggests the involvement of an additional current redistribution mechanism beyond neoclassical current diffusion. This is supported by imaging motional Stark effect diagnostic measurements, which indicate that q0 remains consistently around 1. This phenomenon is observed in the presence of a 1/1 mode, indicating its potential role in the current redistribution. It is shown that the mode's ability to modify the central current and suppress sawteeth increases with plasma pressure. These findings align with a recent theoretical model, which predicts a pressure threshold for sawtooth avoidance by a 1/1 quasi-interchange mode and where this threshold increases with the strength of inward current diffusion. Moreover, the advantages of the flux pumping scenario for future machines are highlighted.
Recent progress towards a physics-based understanding of the H-mode transition